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GPS90
Personal
NavigatorTM
ÂŽ
Owner’s
Manual
&
Reference
GPS 90
Personal NavigatorTM
OWNER’S MANUAL
i
Introduction
Foreword
Software version 2.0 or above.
ÂŽ 1995 GARMIN International
9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215, USA
GARMIN/Europe Ltd, Robert House, Station Approach
Romsey, Hampshire SO51 8 DU UK
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or manual, including photocopying
and r ding, for any purpose, without the express written permission ofe c o r
GARMIN.
I n f o rmation in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN
reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in
the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such
changes or improvements.
Part #190-00084-00 Revision A
March 1995 Printed in Taiwan
GARMIN, GPS 90, Pe rsona l Navig ator, AutoLocate, MultiTrac-8 and
Spell’N’Find are trademarks of GARMIN International, and may not be used
without the expressed written permission of GARMIN International.
ii
CAUTION
The GPS system is operated by the United States Government, which is solely
responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which
could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS
90 is a precision device, any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore
become unsafe.
Use the GPS 90 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully
review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and thoroughly practice
operation using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully
compare indications from the GPS 90 to all available navigation sources, including
other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, sectional charts, etc. Always resolve any discrepan-
cies before continuing navigation.
N O T E : This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for Class B digital
devices. T his eq ui pment gen er ates, uses and can radiate radio freq uency
energy, and if not installed and used in in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to other equipment, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by
relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the
affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualied avionics service
technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation
is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interfer-
ence, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference
that may cause undesired operation.
The GARMIN GPS 90 does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should
only be made by an authorized GARMIN service center. Unauthorized repairs or mod-
ications could void your warranty and your authority to operate this device under
Part 15 regulations.
Introduction
Cautions
iii
Welcome to the smallest, easiest-to-use GPS navigator in the skies! The
G A R M I N e p rGPS 90 r esents GARMIN’s continuing commitment to pro v i d e
aviators with quality navigation information in a versatile, accurate and user-
friendly design you’ll enjoy for years to come.
To get the most out of your new GPS, it’s important that you take the time
to read through the owner’s manual to understand the operating features of
the GPS 90. The manual is organized into two sections for your convenience:
The GPS 90 Ta k e o ff To u r is designed to familiarize you with the basic
operation of the unit through a simulated flight, where you’ll learn how to
t u rn the unit on and off, use the airport and waypoint database, select and
navigate to a destination, and use the moving map page in flight. The tour is
the fastest way to get the feel of your new GPS.
The R e f e rence Section p rovides detailed information and instructions to
the advanced features of the GPS 90 in a topical format. This allows you to
concentrate on a specic topic quickly, without reading through entire sec-
tions of text that you may not need.
Thanks for choosing the GARMIN GPS 90. We hope it will help you get the
most out of your aviation adventures. If you have any questions or comments
concerning the operation of the GPS 90, please contact our Product Support
staff at 913-599-1515 or 913-599-2103 (FAX).
Preface
Introduction
Preface
iv
Designed for easy operation, the GARMIN GPS 90 offers powerful features
that help make aviation navigation come alive in the palm of your hand.
Precision Performance
• MultiTrac-8TM receiver tracks and uses up to 8 satellites simultaneously for
fast, accurate positioning
• Differential-Ready for accuracy to 5 meters with optional beacon receiver
• Waterproof, dry nitrogen filled case and backlit LCD display
• Up to 20 hours of battery life on 4 AA batteries in battery saver mode
Advanced Navigating and Plotting
• Large, moving map display with Auto Zoom and SUA boundaries
• Internal Jeppesen®database includes detailed airport information, includ-
ing runway length, surface and lighting, airport position and elevation,
communication frequencies and fuel services. Valuable information about
VORs, NDBs and Intersections is also available. See page 17 for basic
database coverage.
• 250 user waypoints with alphanumeric names up to six characters long
• 20 routes with up to 29 legs each
• One-touch GOTO navigation
• List of nine nearest airports, SUAs, VORs, NDBs, INTs or user waypoints
GPS 90 Capabilities
Introduction
Capabilities
v
Before getting started with your new GPS, check to see that your GPS 90
package includes the following items. If you are missing any parts, please see
your dealer immediately.
Standard Package:
• GPS 90 Receiver
• Carrying Case and Wrist Strap
• Universal Yoke Mount Bracket
• Suction Cup Antenna Mount & Cable
• DC Power Cable
• 4 AA Batteries
• GPS 90 Owner’s Manual
• Quick Reference Card
• Warranty Card
• Country Airport Prefix Chart
Optional Accessories:
• PC Kit
• Serial Data Cable
• Cigarette Lighter Adapter
See your local dealer for optional accessories.
Introduction
Packing List
1
SECTION ONE Takeoff Tour
GPS Overview .............................................................................................................2
Basic Denitions..........................................................................................................3
Keypad Usage..............................................................................................................4
GPS 90 Takeoff Tour..............................................................................................5-15
SECTION TWO Reference
Waypoints & Database.........................................................................................17-26
Route & GOTO Navigation..................................................................................27-33
Status Page...........................................................................................................34-35
Position Page .............................................................................................................36
Moving Map Plotting............................................................................................37-41
Main Menu Page........................................................................................................42
Setup Menu..........................................................................................................43-50
Map Conguration Menu ..........................................................................................51
Alarms/CDI Menu ................................................................................................52-54
E6-B Menu...........................................................................................................55-59
User Waypoints List & Messages...............................................................................60
Simulator .............................................................................................................61-62
Appendix A—Initialization........................................................................................63
Appendix B—Installation .....................................................................................64-65
Appendix C—Batteries & Electrical Wiring .........................................................66-67
Appendix D—Troubleshooting ............................................................................68-71
Appendix E—Glossary .........................................................................................72-73
Appendix F—Messages ........................................................................................74-76
Appendix G—Time Offsets .......................................................................................77
Appendix H—Map Datums..................................................................................78-79
Appendix I—Index ..............................................................................................81-82
Table of Contents
Table
of
Contents
3
The GPS 90 is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in
the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be help-
ful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below.
Navigation is the process of traveling from one place to another and knowing
where you are in relation to your desired course.
Position is an exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system.
Most aviation navigation is based on the latitude/longitude coordinate system.
Meridians of longitude are a set of imaginary circles around the earth that pass
through the north and south poles. Longitude describes position in terms of how
many degrees it is east or west of the Prime Meridian (0Âş longitude).
Parallels of latitude are another set of imaginary circles that are perpendicular
to the earth’s polar axis. Latitude describes position in terms of how many
degrees it is north or south of the equator (0Âş latitude).
Awaypoint marks an exact position x so it can be recalled for future use. The
GPS 90 lets you mark waypoints electronically, without physical landmarks.
Bearing is a compass direction to a particular destination (waypoint) from your
present position.
Track is a compass direction representing your course over ground.
Getting
Started
Basic
Denitions
4
Getting
Started
Keypad Usage
The GPS 90’s two-speed thumbkey allows convenient, one-handed entry of
information. Press on a particular arrow key once to scroll through data
options slowly, press and hold an arrow key for faster scrolling.
• Use the up and down arrow keys to select alphanumerical characters and
menu choices and to move the eld highlight from eld to eld.
• Use the left and right arrow keys to move the selected character field and
to move the eld highlight from eld to eld.
G
The GOTO/NRST key quickly sets a direct course to a selected destination.
Pressing GOTO twice activates the NRST mode.
B
The POWER key turns the unit on and off and activates screen backlighting.
To turn the unit off, press and hold the POWER key for 3 seconds.
Q
The QUIT key returns you to a previous page, or clears data entry, restoring
a data field’s previous value.
P
The PAGE key scrolls through main data pages in sequence and returns the
display from a submenu page to the previous page viewed. It also displays
the message screen when a message alert appears.
M
The WPT key provides access to the GPS 90’s internal database of airports,
VORs and other waypoints and the AutoStore function.
E
The ENTER key conrms data entry and on-screen responses. The ENTER
key also activates highlighted elds to allow data entry.
U D
L R
5
Status Page
Takeoff
Tour
Power On
The GARMIN GPS 90 is a powerful navigation tool that
o ffers pilots a host of advanced features that help make
flying safer and more efficient. The Ta k e o f f Tour is
designed to quickly guide you through basic features and
functions of the GPS 90 using a simulated trip.
Once you’ve completed the tour and become familiar
with the main pages and features of the unit, refer to the
reference section for complete instructions on installation,
initialization and performing specic tasks and functions.
The takeoff tour assumes you have not changed any of
the default settings for the unit. If you have changed any
settings, the descriptions and pictures used may not
match your configuration (see the troubleshooting sec
tion in Appendix D to reset your unit to default settings).
Y e now ready to power up and take off witho u ’ r
GARMIN GPS!
1. Press and hold the Bkey until the Welcome page appears.
2. After the unit performs a self-test, the Database Information
page will appear, listing the issue date of the internal aviation
database.
After a few seconds, the Database Information page will
be replaced with the Satellite Status page. The Status page
provides a visual reference of satellite acquisition and sta-
tus, with signal strength bars and a satellite sky view in
the center of the screen. The battery level gauge provides
an indication of how much battery life you have left in
the internal batteries, and will only appear when you are
not connected to external power.
By now, you should also have an on-screen message
box flashing on the screen. To view the message:
1. Press the Pkey.
The ‘Searching the Sky’ message informs you that the
GPS 90 has not yet been initialized to a GPS position.
Since our tour will use the simulator mode, we don’t need
to worry about acquiring satellites just yet.
IMPORTANT!
If you’re already
familiar with GPS
navigation and
would like to skip the
Takeoff Tour, please
refer to page 63 for
instructions and tips
on initializing your
unit for rst time use.
Once the unit has
been properly initial-
ized, you should
acquire satellites
and obtain a position
within a few minutes
each time you power
the unit up.
To exit the Message page and return to the previous
page:
1. Press the Pkey.
The GPS 90 features ve main pages in a continuous
loop: Satellite Status, Position, Map, Navigation and
Main Menu. Try scrolling through the pages by pressing
the Pkey. You can also scroll the opposite direction
(or return to a previous page) by pressing the Qkey.
To continue the Takeoff Tour, you’ll need to put the
GPS 90 in simulator mode:
1. Press Prepeatedly until the Main Menu page appears.
2. Use Uor Darrow key to move the eld highlight to the
‘Setup Menu’ option.
3. Press the Ekey.
4. The setup menu will appear, with the ‘Operation Mode’
option highlighted. Press the Ekey.
5. Once the Operation Mode page appears, use the
Dkey
to highlight the ‘Current Mode’ field.
6. Press Eto begin selection of the operating mode.
7. Use the Uand Dkeys to toggle through and select the
‘Simulator’ option.
8. Press Eto conrm the simulator selection.
6
Takeoff
Tour
Page Sequence
& Simulator
Use the Page and Quit keys to continuously scroll through the main pages in either direction.
Status Page Position Page Map Page Nav Page Main Menu
Select the ‘Simulator’
option from the cur-
rent mode eld.
The field highlight will move to the Initial Position
field, where we can now enter the starting position of
our flight, Lockhart Municipal Airport (50R, the ICAO
identier), in Lockhart, Texas:
1. Press Eto begin initial position entry.
2. Use theDkey to scroll through and select ‘5’,
the rst number of the identier.
3. Press the Rkey to move the eld highlight to the next
character position.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you have spelled out ‘50R’ in the
waypoint identier eld.
5. Press Eto conrm your selection.
Since we’ll be taking off from the airport, keep the
position and bearing values at zero to keep our position
right on the airport. To return to the Main Menu Page:
1. Press the Qkey twice.
Once you have entered the starting position of your
flight, the next step is to select our GOTO destination,
Lakeway Airport (3R9) in Austin, Texas:
1. Press the Gkey.
2. The GOTO Page will appear with the waypoint identier
eld ready to accept changes.
3. Use the Uand Dkeypad to enter the identier of the
destination waypoint (3R9).
4. Press the Ekey to conrm your destination.
Once a GOTO is activated, the Navigation Page will
display the bearing (BRG) and distance (DST) to the
destination, along with your present speed (SPD) and
track over ground (TRK). The GOTO destination is list-
ed above the course deviation indicator, with your esti-
mated time enroute (ETE), cross track error (XTK) and
time displayed at the bottom of the page. A re l a t i v e
bearing pointer, located above the CDI scale, points to
the direction of your destination. 7
Takeoff
Tour
Going to a
Waypoint
Entering an initial
position from the
operation mode
setup page.
Conrm the GOTO
destination by press-
ing the ENTER key.
Now we’ll need to enter a speed for the aircraft:
1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight to the ‘SPD’ field.
2. Press the Ekey to begin ground speed entry.
3. Use the arrow keypad to enter a speed of 150 knots.
4. Press Eto conrm the speed entry.
Once a speed has been entered, the Nav page will con-
tinuously update as we make our way to the destination
airport. We now need to enter the cruising altitude of our
flight, which can be entered from the Position page:
1. Press the Pkey until the Position page appears.
2. Press theUkey to move the eld highlight to the altitude
eld and press E.
3. Use the arrow keypad to enter an altitude of 2,500 feet (leave
the first altitude digit at zero, or you’ll be at 25,000 feet).
4. Press Eto conrm the altitude.
The GPS 90 Position page displays your present lati-
tude, longitude and altitude, along with your curre n t
track and speed over the ground. The top of the page also
features a graphic heading indicator, which displays your
cardinal heading as you’re moving. The time of day, dis-
played in UTC or local time, is indicated at the bottom of
the page. To enter a local time offset, see page 46.
8
Takeoff
Tour
Navigation &
Position Pages
The Navigation page
displays your present
speed and course over
the ground, along
with the distance and
bearing to your desti-
nation. The CDI scale
and relative bearing
indicator help keep
you on course, while
your ETE and cross
track error are shown
at the bottom of the
Nav page.
Present speed
over ground
Graphic heading
indicator
Current GPS
altitude
Present position
Time of day
(local or Zulu)
Most of your in-flight navigation with the GPS 90 will
center around the Navigation and Moving Map pages.
Now that we’re on our way, let’s move on to the Map page:
1. Press the Pkey.
The GPS 90’s Moving Map page provides extensive
capabilities and information on your present position,
nearby facilities and waypoints, special use airspace and
your active route. Before we go through a few of the basic
features, let’s zoom in for a closer look at our progress:
1. Verify that the map scale eld, located at the top of the page,
is highlighted. If it isn’t highlighted, press theUkey repeat-
edly until it is highlighted.
2. Press the Ekey.
3. Press theDkey once to change the scale to the 40nm
setting, and Eto return the cursor to the default position.
Once you’ve zoomed in to the 40 nm scale, you’ll be
able to see a clear presentation of your plane, nearby air-
p o r ts and the special use airspace a round Mueller
Municipal Airport (KAUS). The line between 50R and 3R9
re p resents the track-up route from our starting point to
the destination airport, with your present position indicat-
ed by the plane icon. Notice that the plane icon remains
centered on the map, while nearby airports and airspace
move by relative to your present speed and track.
9
Takeoff
Tour
Moving
Map Page
The Map page shows
your present position
as a plane icon in
track up mode, with
nearby airports and
special use airspace
boundaries indicated
right on the map.
To reduce map clutter
at higher scales, you
can turn off the way-
point identiers (and
other features) from
the map conguration
setup described on
page 51.
The Moving Map page can be broken down into three
parts: the zoom and pan elds, located at the top of the
page; the moving map field; and speed distance and
angle fields, located at the bottom of the page. The
zoom and pan elds provide access to the map scale and
scrolling cursor functions, while the map eld lets you
highlight on-screen airports and waypoints for immedi-
ate review. The speed, distance and angle elds are dis-
play elds only, and do not provide access to other functions.
The default placement of the cursor highlight is on
the zoom eld. To move the cursor to the pan eld or
through the on-screen waypoints, simply use the arrow
keypad to move in the desired direction, and press E
to activate the function or review the selected waypoint.
Try selecting KAUS, located just to the right of your
current route, to practice:
1. With the eld cursor on the zoom eld, press the
Dkey
repeatedly until the KAUS identier is highlighted.
2. Press the Ekey to review the waypoint page for KAUS.
The waypoint location page for KAUS will appear,
p roviding you with the facility’s name and location
(city/state/region), with the elevation, latitude and longi-
tude of the field indicated on the bottom half of the
page. The fuel available (AV, jet or MOGAS) at the
facility is also displayed.
10
Takeoff
Tour
Moving Map
Basics
Selecting an on-
screen waypoint.
Review any highlight-
ed waypoint by press-
ing the ENTER key.
Moving
map eld
(8 x 10 grid)
Speed, distance &
angle elds
Zoom and pan-
ning controls
In addition to the location page, each airport in the
GPS 90’s database feature separate communication and
runway pages, which are accessible from the pro m p t s
located in the bottom eld of any airport page.
To view the Airport Communication page:
1. Press to move the field highlight to the ‘COMM’ prompt.L
2. Press E.
All of the available frequencies for the selected airport
will be displayed, with the designation indicated at the
left of each frequency. If there are more than 8 frequen-
cies for a selected airport, use the down arrow key to
view additional frequencies.
Once you have moved from the initial page of an air-
p o r e v i e wt r , the prompt highlight will automatically
move forward to the next available prompt. This allows
you to continuously scroll through airport inform a t i o n
pages by simply pressing the Ekey repeatedly.
To view the runway information page:
1. Press E.
11
Takeoff
Tour
Airport Pages
Available
frequencies Identier
eld
Airport page prompts
The airport runway
page shows a North-
Up display of all
available runways,
with the designation,
length, surface and
lighting conditions
available for each
runway.
To view additional
runways, highlight
the ‘RUNWY’ field
and press ENTER,
then use the arrow
keypad to toggle
between the various
runways.
The runway information page features a diagram of
available runways, along with runway length, surf a c e
type and lighting for each ru n w a y. To r n to thee t u r
Moving Map page:
1. Move the field highlight to the ‘DONE?’ prompt.
2. Press E.
Once you’re back on the Moving Map Page, you’ll
notice that our plane is getting close to the special use
airspace surrounding KAUS. Whenever you are within 2
nm of an SUA, projected to enter an SUA or inside an
SUA, the GPS 90 will notify you with a message and
supply detailed information on each SUA you are being
alerted to. By looking closely at the map display, you’ll
notice that we will come very close to the KAUS SUA,
but not actually enter it. Once our flight takes us within
2 nm of the SUA, we’ll be alerted with a ‘Near SUA
< 2nm’ message (you may have to wait a minute or so to
get the message, depending on how fast you’ve made
your way through the Takeoff Tour).
To view the SUA message:
1. Press the Pkey.
2. To return to the Map page, press
Pagain.
Additional information, including the name, class,
c o n t rolling agency and altitudes, is available from the
Gkey. To view additional SUA information:
1. Press the Gkey twice. The nearest SUA alarm page will
appear, listing up to 9 SUA warnings you are being alerted
to. Each listing will display the type of warning and your ETE
to intrusion, if applicable.
2. To view specic information on any listed SUA, highlight the
desired SUA name and press E. The SUA page will
appear, providing additional information on floor and
ceiling altitudes for the selected SUA.
3. To return to the Nearest SUA list, press the
Ekey.
4. To return to the Map Page from the SUA list, press
Q.
12
Takeoff
Tour
Special Use
Airspace
The GPS 90’s sector-
ized SUA boundaries
let you watch your
proximity right on
the moving map.
The nearest SUA
page provides infor-
mation about special
use airspaces you are
being alerted to.
SUA alert messages for class B, class C, MOAs,
restricted and other areas may be turned off to avoid
nuisance alerts, and may also be removed from the map
to avoid excess clutter at higher map scales. For com-
plete information and denitions on SUAs, see page 52.
The GPS 90’s nearest function will also provide you
with a list of the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs,
intersections and user waypoints to your present posi-
tion. The internal Jeppesen database used in the GPS 90
contains information about thousands of waypoints,
which are divided into specic categories for your con-
venience. For more on waypoint categories and the
internal database, please see page 17-27 after completing
the takeoff tour.
To view the nearest waypoints of a particular category
(airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections or user waypoints),
you need to select the desired category from the category
field at the top of the nearest page. Let’s practice by
viewing the nearest airports to our present position:
1. Press the Gkey twice to display the nearest page.
2. Press Eto begin selection of the desired category.
3. Press theDkey repeatedly to scroll through the waypoint
categories until ‘APT’ appears in the category field.
4. Press Eto conrm the category. The eld highlight will
move to the rst facility on the list.
Once you’ve selected and confirmed a category, the
GPS 90 will display the nine nearest facilities and pro-
vide the distance and bearing to each waypoint in the
list. To scroll and review the nearest waypoints list:
1. Press theDkey to highlight to the desired waypoint.
2. Press Eto review the waypoint page(s).
3. Press Eagain to return to the nearest list. The eld
highlight will sequence to the next waypoint on the list.
4. Press Qto exit the nearest function and return to the
previously viewed page. 13
Takeoff
Tour
Nearest
Waypoints
The GPS 90 displays
the nine nearest air-
ports, VORs, NDBs,
intersections or user
waypoints to your
present position.
To review a nearest
waypoint, highlight
the identier and
press ENTER.
Now let’s return to the Map page to finish the tour. If
you’re not already on the Map page:
1. Press Prepeatedly until the Map page appears.
You may have noticed that as we make ou r way
towards the destination airport, the map scale has auto-
matically zoomed in to provide a closer look of the air-
p o rt. What you’re actu ally see ing is the GPS 90’s
AutoZoom feature. Whenever you select a GOTO destina-
tion, the Map Page will default to the 80 nm setting, and
gradually zoom down the map scale to the 1 nm setting.
The map scale will zoom to the next lowest setting
(i.e., from 80 nm to 40 nm) whenever the map can fit
both your present position and your destination on the
screen. If you manually zoom in the map scale before this
point, the AutoZoom feature will resume once it catches
up to the map scale you hav e selec ted (down to
2 nm). If the map is manually zoomed out beyond the
AutoZoom scale, the Autozoom will be cancelled, and the
GPS 90 will assume you want to stay at the scale you
have manually selected. For more information on the
AutoZoom feature, please see page 41.
By now, our plane should be approaching 3R9, the des-
tination airport. As the map zooms in to the 10 nm range,
you’ll be able to see the runway appear right on the
screen. Let’s move back to the Navigation page and finish
up our tour:
1. Press the Pkey to display the Navigation Page.
As we fly past the airport, notice that the GPS 90 con-
tinues to provide navigation to 3R9, with the re l a t i v e
bearing pointer and ETE elds indicating we are past our
destination. The GOTO destination may be cancelled by
activating another GOTO or cancelling the current GOTO
destination. To cancel the current GOTO:
1. Press the Gkey.
2. Press Lonce to clear the destination eld (pressing L
clears a selected eld)
3. Press Eto conrm the cancellation.
14
Takeoff
Tour
AutoZoom
AutoZoom at 20 nm
map scale.
AutoZoom at 10 nm
map scale.
16
The GPS 90 uses an internal JeppesenÂŽdatabase to
provide position and facility information for thousands of
airports, VORs, NDBs and intersections. Each facility in
the database is stored as a waypoint, with its own lati-
tude/longitude, identier (up to six letters and/or num-
bers) and other pertinent information. Up to 250 user
waypoints may also be created and stored in memory.
Waypoint information is available through the GPS 90’s
WPT key. Waypoints are divided into ve categories for
your convenience. Each category provides different types
of detailed information for a selected facility:
• A i r p o rt s — I d e n t i f i e r, city/state, country, facility
name, position (lat/lon), elevation, fuel serv i c e s ,
runways, and communications frequencies.
• VORs— Identifier, city/state, country, facility name,
position (lat/lon), frequency and co-located DME or
TACAN availability.
• NDBs— Identifier, city/state, country, facility name,
position (lat/lon) and frequency.
• I n t e r s e c t i o n s — I d e n t i fie r, r y, positione g i o n / c o u n t r
(lat/lon) and range/bearing to nearest VOR.
• U s e r — Identifier (name), position (lat/lon), user
comments and reference waypoint.
To view the waypoint information for a desired way-
point, select the waypoint category from the category
eld, located at the top left of the waypoint page, next to
the identier eld.
To choose a waypoint category:
1. Press Mto display the waypoint page.
2. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the category eld.
3. Press Eto begin selection of the waypoint category.
4. Use the Uor Dkeys to select the desired category.
5. Press Eto conrm the category selection.
17
Waypoints
& Database
Waypoint
Categories
The GPS 90’s internal
Jeppesen database
is available with an
Americas (North,
Central & S. America)
or International data-
base (Europe, Africa,
Asia, Australia &
Greenland). Hawaii is
included in both data-
base versions.
The database cycle is
displayed on the
Database Information
page. Information on
updating the database
is included with your
GPS 90 package.
After a waypoint category is selected, information for a
waypoint can be viewed by entering the identifier or
name of the desired waypoint. Airports, VORs, and NDBs
may be entered by either the identier, name, or the loca-
tion (city) of the facility. Intersections and user waypoints
must be entered by the identier.
To enter a waypoint identier:
1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the identier eld.
2. Press E.
3. Use the
Uand Dkeys to spell out the desired identier,
using the Rkey to move to the next character position.
As the identifier is entered, the GPS 90’s Spell’N’Find
feature will scroll through the available database, display-
ing any waypoints with the same identifier letters you
have entered to that point. When the desired waypoint is
displayed, press E.
Once you’ve selected a waypoint category, waypoint
information can also be retrieved by entering the facility
name of the airport, the name of the VOR or NDB, or
their city name (intersections and user waypoints cannot
be retrieved by facility or city name).
To select a waypoint by facility or city name:
1. Select the desired waypoint category (APT, VOR or NDB).
2. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the facility name or city
name eld.
3. Press Eto begin entry of the facility or city name.
4. Enter the name of the facility or city with the arrow keypad.
5. The GPS 90’s Spell’N Find feature will scroll through the
available database, displaying any waypoints with the same
letters you have entered to that point.
6. When the desired waypoint appears, press E.
18
Waypoints
& Database
Viewing
Waypoint Data
Entering a waypoint
identier.
Entering a waypoint
by facility name.
Once a waypoint category and identifier have been
selected, the GPS 90 will provide extensive information
t h rough various waypoint review pages. The following
waypoint information is available:
AIRPORT INFORMATION
The GPS 90 features three airport pages:
• Airport location— allows entry of desired airport
by identier, facility name or city and displays lati-
tude, longitude and elevation; and fuel availability.
• Airport communication— allows entry of desired
a i r p o r e q u e nt by identifier and displays radio fr -
cies/usage.
• Airport runway— allows entry of desired airport
by identier, displays runway designations, length,
surface and lighting information; and/or pilot con-
trolled lighting frequencies.
To scroll through the airport pages:
1. Select the airport category and enter the desired airport
identier. The airport page initially displayed will be the
same as the last airport page viewed.
2. Use the
Lkey to move the eld highlight to the desired
page prompt and press E.
Once you have moved from the initial airport page
displayed, the page prompt will automatically move for-
w a rd to the next available prompt. This allows you to
continuously cycle through the airport pages by simply
pressing the Ekey repeatedly.
To exit the airport pages and return to the previously
viewed page:
1. Press the Qkey. 19
Waypoints
& Database
Airport
Information
The internal database
uses ICAO identiers
for all airport names.
All U. S. airports which
contain only letters use
the prex ‘K’. For
example, Los Angeles
International is KLAX
under the ICAO
standard.
Other airports, such as
Otten Memorial (3VS),
that contain numbers
in the identier, do not
require the ‘K’ prex.
Many countries outside
the U. S. use two letter
prexes. For more
information, contact
the
International
Civil
Aviation Organization.
The GPS 90’s airport location page displays the latitude,
longitude and elevation of the selected airport, as well as
fuel availability. From the airport location page, you can
enter a desired airport by identier, facility name or city as
described on page 18. The following descriptions and
abbreviations are used on the airport position page:
Elev— Elevation in feet or meters.
Position— In the position format you have curre n t l y
selected from the setup page.
Fuel— Lists the types of fuel available on the airport:
• AV gas— 80-87 octane, 100 LL, 100-130 octane
• JET— Jet A, Jet A-1 or Jet A+
• MOGAS— 87 octane unleaded
The airport communication page (shown in the left
margin) displays radio frequencies and their usage for the
selected airport, and allows entry of a desired airport by
identifier only (see page 18). The following fre q u e n c i e s
are displayed if available:
• ATIS— Automatic terminal information service
• Grnd— Ground
• Twr— Tower
• Uncm— Unicom/Multicom
20
Waypoints
& Database
Location &
Comm Pages
In some instances, all
available frequencies
for a selected airport
may not t on the
communication page.
To view additional
frequencies, use the
DOWN ARROW key
to scroll through and
view any additional
frequencies.
Available fuel types
Location eld
City/State
(selectable)
Facility Name
(selectable) Identier eld
(selectable)
The last airport page is the runway page, which fea-
tures a diagram of available runways, along with desig-
nations, length, surface and lighting information for the
selected airport.
The runway diagram provides a north-up graphic of
available runways, with length, surface and lighting data
listed below the runway designation. The ‘SURFC’ field
will display one of the following surface types: hard ,
t u rf, sealed, gravel, dirt, soft, unknown or water. The
‘LGHTS’ field will indicate one of five lighting schemes:
part time, full time, pilot controlled (with frequency), no
lighting or unknown.
If a selected airport has more than one runway, addi-
tional runways can be viewed by selecting another run-
way from the designation eld.
To view additional runways:
1. Highlight the runway designation eld.
2. Press the Ekey.
3. Use the arrow keypad to toggle through and select the
desired runway.
4. Press Eto return the cursor to the ‘DONE?’ prompt.
21
Waypoints
& Database
Airport
Runway Page
Additional runways
are accessed through
the runway designa-
tor eld
Pilot controlled
lighting with
frequency listed.
Identier eld
(selectable)
Runway
Diagrams
Runway
Designator Field
(selectable)
Runway Data
INTERSECTION INFORMATION
The GPS 90’s intersection waypoint page allows entry
of a desired intersection by identier and displays posi-
tion and nearest VOR data for a selected intersection.
To view waypoint information on an intersection:
1. Select the intersection category from any waypoint eld.
2. Enter the identier of the desired intersection and press
the Ekey.
The GPS 90 will display the intersection’s latitude and
longitude below the identifier field, and calculate the
bearing and distance to the nearest VOR facility. Note that
the VOR displayed may not necessarily be the facility
used to dene the intersection. The region and country of
the intersection will also be displayed at the bottom of the
page to help you confirm the location in the event of
duplicate identiers.
NDB INFORMATION
The next waypoint category in the GPS 90’s intern a l
database is NDB facilities. The NDB waypoint page allows
you to select a desired NDB by entering the identifier,
facility name or city (see page 18). In addition to display-
ing the identier, facility name and city/state of the NDB,
the NDB page will show the latitude and longitude of the
facility, the region/country, & the transmitting frequency.
To view waypoint information on a NDB:
1. Select the NDB category from any waypoint category eld.
2. Enter the identier, facility name (on the second line) or city
(on the third line) of the desired NDB.
3. Press the Ekey.
22
Waypoint
& Database
Intersections
and NDBs
GPS 90 intersection
waypoint page.
NDB waypoint page.
VOR INFORMATION
The GPS 90’s VOR waypoint page allows you to enter
a desired VOR by identier, facility name, or city name
and displays the selected facility’s position, fre q u e n c y
and other information.
To view waypoint information for a VOR:
1. Select the VOR category from any waypoint category eld.
2. Enter the identier, facility name or city of the desired VOR.
3. Press the Ekey.
The VOR page lists the identifier, facility name and
city/state of at the top of the page, with the transmitting
frequency of the facility listed below. If DME or TACAN
equipment is co-located at the site, it will be indicated
next to the transmitting frequency of the VOR. The lati-
tude and longitude is also displayed, with the region and
country indicated at the bottom of the page.
USER WAYPOINT INFORMATION
The last waypoint category available from the GPS 90’s
WPT key is user waypoints. The user waypoint page
allows entry of a desired waypoint by name/identifier
and displays the waypoint’s position, user comments and
a reference waypoint eld to calculate the distance and
bearing to any other waypoint in the database. The user
waypoint page can also be used to create up to 250 way-
points by manually entering a position or defining a
range and bearing from an existing waypoint.
To view waypoint information for a user waypoint:
1. Select the USR category from any waypoint category eld.
2. Enter the identier/name of the desired user waypoint.
3. Press the Ekey.
23
Waypoints
& Database
VORs and
User Waypoints
VOR waypoint page.
User Waypoint page.
The user waypoint page allows you to create new way-
points three ways:
• Enter the exact position of the new waypoint
• Reference a waypoint already in the database
• Enter a range and bearing from your present position
To rst step in creating a new waypoint (regardless of
what method you’re using) is to assign a name/identier
for the new waypoint.
To create a new waypoint from the user waypoint page:
1. Select the ‘USR’ category from any waypoint category eld
and press E. The highlight will advance to the name eld.
2. Press the Ekey to begin entry of your waypoint name.
3. Use the arrow keypad to enter the waypoint name.
4. Press Eto accept the waypoint name.
Once the name has been accepted, the eld highlight
will move to the position eld, where you can manually
enter the position of the new waypoint:
1. Press Eto begin entry of the waypoint position.
2. Use the arrow keypad to enter the lat/lon. The
Land Rkeys
will advance the cursor to the desired character position.
3. After the latitude and longitude entry is complete, press
E
to save the new waypoint.
If you are dening the new waypoint position by refer-
encing (entering a distance and bearing from) a known
waypoint or your present position:
1. Use theDkey to highlight the ‘REF’ eld.
2. If you are referencing a waypoint, press Eand use the
arrow keypad to enter the identier of the reference waypoint
(If you want to reference your present position, leave the
‘REF’ eld blank).
3. Press the Ekey.
(continued on page 25)
24
Waypoints
& Database
Creating User
Waypoints
Entering a new user
waypoint’s position.
Entering a new user
waypoint’s name.
The eld highlight will automatically advance to the
bearing field. To enter a bearing and range from the
reference position:
1. Press Eto begin entry of the compass bearing.
2. Use the arrow keypad to enter the bearing of the new way-
point from the reference position.
3. Press Eto conrm the bearing. The eld highlight will
automatically move to the distance eld.
4. Press Eto begin entry of the distance.
5. Use the arrow keypad to enter the distance of the new way-
point from the reference position.
6. Press Eto conrm the distance. The GPS 90 will calcu-
late the coordinates of the waypoint and store it in memory.
Once a new user waypoint is saved, the GPS 90 will
assign a default user comment (the date and time of cre-
ation) to the new waypoint. You can change the default
comment to a custom comment at any time, right from
the user waypoint page.
To enter a user comment:
1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the comment eld.
2. Press the Ekey.
3. To clear the default comment, press the Lkey.
4. Use the arrow keypad to enter the comment. Press E.
The delete and rename prompts, located at the bottom
of the user waypoint page, allow you to quickly remove
a waypoint from memory or change the name of an
existing waypoint.
To delete a user waypoint:
1. Use the Lkey to move the field highlight from the ‘DONE’
prompt to the ‘DELETE’ prompt and press
E.
2. Use the Lkey to highlight the ‘Yes’ prompt and press E.
25
Waypoints
& Database
User
Waypoints
Entering a range and
bearing from a refer-
ence waypoint.
Deleting a User
Waypoint
The user waypoint page also allows you to rename any
user waypoint in memory.
To rename a user waypoint:
1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the ‘RENAME’ prompt.
2. Press the Ekey. The rename waypoint page will appear.
3. Use the arrow keypad to enter the new waypoint name.
4. Press E. The highlight will advance to the ‘Yes’ prompt.
5. Press Eto accept the new name, or
Q
to cancel.
The WPT key is also used to save new waypoints using
the GPS 90’s AutoStore
TM function. AutoStore allows you
to quickly store your present position and add the new
waypoint to a selected route if desired.
To save your present position using AutoStore:
1. Press the Mkey twice to capture your position
(if you’re already on a waypoint page, you’ll only need to
press the Mkey once).
The AutoStore page will appear, showing the captured
position and a default 3-digit waypoint name. To change
the default position name :
1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight to the name eld.
2. Press Eto begin entry of your waypoint name.
3. Use the arrow keypad to enter the name.
4. Press E. The field highlight will move to the ‘route’ field.
If you’d like to add the waypoint to a route:
1. Press the Ekey.
2. Enter the desired route number and press
E.
3. Press the Ekey to conrm the route number.
To save the AutoStore waypoint:
1. Highlight the ‘save’ field and press E.
26
Waypoints
& Database
User Waypoints
& AutoStore
Renaming a user
waypoint.
Marking an
AutoStore position.
One of the many benefits of GPS navigation is the
ability to y directly to a waypoint or y a chain of way-
points without relying totally on ground based naviga-
tion aids. To take advantage of the convenience and effi-
ciency of point-to-point GPS navigation, the GPS 90
provides two methods of selecting a destination for your
ight: -GOTO and route navigation. The GOTO func
tion provides a fast way to set a course to a destination
f rom your present position, while the route function
allows you to create a chain of waypoints to fly in
sequence towards a selected destination.
Whether you’re flying a GOTO course or a ro u t e ,
there are a few basic concepts and terms that apply to all
point-to-point GPS navigation. Routes are broken down
and navigated in smaller segments called ‘legs’. The dia-
gram above shows a basic route consisting of ve way-
points and four legs. The waypoint you are going to in a
leg is called the waypoint (MAP), and the‘active to’
waypoint immediately behind you is called the ‘ a c t i v e
f ro m ’ waypoint (SGF). The line between the ‘active to’
and the ‘active from’ waypoint is called the ‘active leg’.
When you activate a route with the GPS 90, it will
automatically select the route leg closest to your position
as the active leg, and provide navigation guidance direct-
ly to the ‘active to’ waypoint of that leg. As you pass a
waypoint in your route, the unit will select the next way-
point as the ‘active to’ waypoint. 27
Routes
Overview
The GPS 90’s GOTO function lets you choose any
stored waypoint as a destination and quickly set a course
from your present position. Once a GOTO has been acti-
vated, the Navigation Page will provide you with steering
guidance to your destination.
To activate the GOTO function:
1. Press the Gkey.
2. The GOTO Page will appear with the waypoint eld ready to
select a destination. Enter your destination waypoint.
3. Press the Ekey to conrm the waypoint.
You can also quickly activate the GOTO function from
any other page by simply highlighting a waypoint, press-
ing the Gkey and conrming the GOTO page.
Another time-saving feature of the GPS 90 that you
may have noticed when entering waypoint names is the
Spell’N’Find feature. As you enter waypoint characters,
the screen will automatically display the rst numerical or
alphabetical match of the character you have entered.
To use the Spell’N Find feature:
1. Press the Lkey to clear the name eld.
2. Use the Uand Dkeys to scroll through waypoints.
3. If you have more than one waypoint that begins with the
same letter or number, use the Rkey to move to the next
character positions as needed. Only the rst character
match is listed for each character set.
4. Once you’ve found the desired waypoint, press E.
Once a GOTO is activated, the GPS 90 will pro v i d e
navigation guidance to the selected waypoint until the
GOTO is cancelled. To cancel a GOTO:
1. Press the Gkey.
2. Press the Lkey to clear the destination eld.
3. Press Eto complete the cancellation.
28
Routes
GOTO function
Selecting a GOTO
destination.
Use the LEFT
ARROW key to clear
the GOTO eld and
cancel navigation.
The GPS 90 lets you create and store up to 20 routes
of 30 waypoints each. Routes are created, copied and
edited through the route definition page, which is
accessed through the Main Menu Page.
To select the route denition page:
1. Press Puntil the Main Menu page appears.
2. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the ‘routes’ option.
3. Press the Ekey to display the routes page.
4. To return to the Main Menu page, press Q.
The route number eld is displayed at the top of the
page, with a 16 character comment below. If no user
comment is entered, the eld will display the rst and
last waypoint in the route. The waypoint list accepts up
to 30 waypoints for each route, with fields for desire d
track and distance between legs (if the leg distance
exceeds 999 nm, the eld will remain blank).
Below the waypoint list are the route page function
elds which let you copy, clear, invert or activate the dis-
played route. Routes 1-19 are used as storage ro u t e s ,
with route 0 always serving as the active route you are
navigating. If you want to save a route currently in route
0, be sure to copy it to another open route, as it will be
overwritten by the next route activation.
29
Routes
Route
Denition
Page
Route copy
eld
Desired track
& distance
elds
Route number
eld
Route
action
prompts
Comments
eld
Route waypoint
eld
Highlight the ‘CLR’
prompt and press
ENTER to clear the
active route.
Each route can be
given a 16 character
custom comment.
To create a route in the GPS 90:
1. Press Eto begin route number selection.
2. Use the Uor Dkey to enter a route number.
3. Press the Ekey to conrm the route number.
4. Press Eto begin entry of a route comment.
(Note that the default (rst and last waypoint) comment
will only appear if the comment eld is blank).
5. Enter your comment and press the Ekey.
6. Highlight the No. 1 waypoint eld and press E.
7. Enter the name of the rst route waypoint and press
E.
8. Continue entering the rest of your waypoints in order, using
the Ekey to start and conrm each eld entry. The list
will scroll down as needed to enter up to 30 waypoints.
9. After you have nished entering all your waypoints, press
Pto return to the Menu page.
The route denition page is also used to copy a route to
another route number. This feature is useful when you
make changes to the active route (route 0) and want to
save the new route and the original route.
To copy a route:
1. Press Eto begin route number selection.
2. Enter the route number to be copied and press
E.
3. Move the field highlight to the ‘COPY TO ROUTE’ field and
press the Ekey.
4. Use the arrow keypad to scroll through the available routes
and select a destination route number. Only open routes will
be available as choices.
5. Press the Ekey to copy the route.
6. Press the Pkey to return to the Menu page.
30
Routes
Creating &
Copying Routes
Highlight the ‘COPY’
prompt and press
ENTER to copy a
route to another
storage position.
Creating a route.
The route action elds, located at the bottom of the
r -oute denition page, allow you to clear, invert and acti
vate the routes stored in the GPS 90.
To clear a route:
1. Press Eto begin entry of the route number.
2. Enter the route number and press E.
3. Select the ‘CLR’ field and press E.
A warning page will appear, asking you to confirm
that you want to remove all waypoints from the route.
1. Highlight the ‘Yes’ field with the Lkey and press E.
2. Press Pto return to the Menu page.
After a route has been entered in the GPS 90, it can be
activated in its dened sequence or inverted (in reverse
o rder). The process of activating or inverting a store d
route takes a storage route (routes 1-19) and copies it
into the active route (route 0) for navigation. The storage
route is now no longer needed and will be retained in its
original format under its existing route number.
This system allows you to have an active route that
you may edit during navigation and save as an entirely
new route from the original. You will have to copy the
active route to an unused storage route to save it, since
new route activation overwrites route 0.
To activate a route:
1. Select the route denition page and press the Ekey to
activate the route number eld.
2. Enter the route number to be activated and press
E.
3. Highlight the ‘ACT’ field and press
E.
Inverting a route allows you to navigate route legs in
reverse order, without editing the original route.
To activate a route in inverted order:
1. Follow the same steps as above, but select the ‘inv’ com-
mand eld and press the Ekey. 31
Routes
Clearing &
Activating
Routes
To activate a route,
highlight the ‘ACT?’
prompt and press
the ENTER key
Clearing a route will
delete all waypoints
from a route.

Produktspezifikationen

Marke: Garmin
Kategorie: Nicht kategorisiert
Modell: GPS 90

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