Apple iWork 08 Bedienungsanleitung


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Getting Started
K Apple Inc.
© 2007 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be
copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent
of Apple.
The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered
in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the “keyboard”
Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes
without the prior written consent of Apple may
constitute trademark infringement and unfair
competition in violation of federal and state laws.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the
information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not
responsible for printing or clerical errors.
Apple
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014-2084
408-996-1010
www.apple.com
Apple, the Apple logo, iLife, iPhoto, iPod, iTunes,
Keynote, Mac, the Mac logo, Macintosh, Mac OS, Pages,
and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered
in the U.S. and other countries.
Aperture, Finder, GarageBand, iWeb, iWork, and Safari
are trademarks of Apple Inc.
AppleCare and Apple Store are service marks of Apple
Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
.Mac is a service mark of Apple Inc.
Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, the Acrobat logo,
Distiller, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are
trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe Systems
Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries.
Other company and product names mentioned herein
are trademarks of their respective companies. Mention
of third-party products is for informational purposes
only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a
recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with
regard to the performance or use of these products.
034-4051-A 06/2007
3
Contents
7Welcome to iWork ’08
8Welcome to Pages ’08
10 Welcome to Numbers ’08
12 Welcome to Keynote ’08
14 About This Book
14 Where to Go for More Help
16 Overview of iWork Tools
16 The Toolbar and Format Bar
17 The Inspector Window
18 The Media Browser
19 The Font Panel
20 The Colors Window
21 Keyboard Shortcuts
23 Chapter 1: Getting Started with Pages
23 What You’ll Learn
24 Step 1: Create a New Document and Choose a Template
26 Step 2: Add and Format Text
27 Changing Font Color and Other Text Attributes
4Contents
30 Using Styles and Creating Lists
35 Step 3: Add Objects
35 Using Media Placeholders
36 Adding Objects
37 Wrapping Text Around Objects
39 Adding Shapes
40 Step 4: Use Writing Tools
40 Checking Spelling and Proofreading Your Document
42 Researching Information
42 Step 5: Share Your Document
43 Working with Page Layout Documents
45 Creating and Linking Text Boxes
48 Adding and Reordering Pages
49 Masking (Cropping) Images
52 Removing Unwanted Areas from an Image
54 Continue to Explore
55 Chapter 2: Getting Started with Numbers
55 What You’ll Learn
56 Step 1: Create a New Spreadsheet
58 Step 2: Get Familiar with the Numbers Window
59 Introducing Tables
63 Introducing Charts
64 Introducing Sheets
6Contents
101 Chapter 3: Getting Started with Keynote
101 What You’ll Learn
102 Step 1: Create a New Document and Choose a Theme
105 The Slide Organizer
106 The Notes Field
106 Step 2: Create Slides
108 Adding and Formatting Text
108 Adding Graphics and Other Media
113 Step 3: Organize Your Slides
115 Step 4: Enhance Your Slideshow with Motion
115 Adding Transitions Between Slides
117 Making Objects Move
124 Step 5: Rehearse and Share Your Slideshow
124 Rehearsing Your Presentation
125 Customizing a Presentation for the Audience
126 Continue to Explore
127 Index
Preface
7
Welcome to iWork ’08
This book will help you quickly create your first documents,
spreadsheets, and slideshows.
iWork ’08 includes three applications that integrate seamlessly with your Mac
experience:
ÂPages. The word processor with an incredible sense of style.
ÂNumbers. Powerful, compelling spreadsheets made easy.
ÂKeynote. Cinema-quality presentations for everyone.
8 Preface Welcome to iWork ’08
Welcome to Pages ’08
Just open Pages and start typing to create compelling letters, reports, and other word
processing documents. You can also create beautifully designed brochures, flyers, and
newsletters with the powerful page layout mode. Pages features change tracking, rich
graphics and text tools, and more than 140 templates.
Above, a Word Processing template is shown.
Text automatically flows
around inserted images.
Track changes directly
in the text, or hide
tracking.
Use change tracking to
edit documents with
multiple authors.
Use the Format Bar to
change fonts, colors, line
spacing, and more.
Use paragraph and character
styles to make your
documents consistent.
10 Preface Welcome to iWork ’08
Welcome to Numbers ’08
Numbers is a new and innovative—yet familiar—spreadsheet application with over
150 functions and fundamentally better ways to organize data, perform calculations,
and manage lists. Numbers includes intelligent tables, customizable checkboxes and
sliders, 2D and 3D charts, an interactive print view, and templates for home, education
and business.
Format text,
numbers, cell
borders, and more
using the Format Bar.
Use the
Media Browser to
add your photos
anywhere.
Easily change the
font, borders, and
colors of tables.
Each table contains data
calculations that work
across tables.
Add charts
based on
table data.
Create multiple sheets,
tables, and charts in a
spreadsheet.
Preface Welcome to iWork ’08 11
Drag here to move
the table.
Click to add rows.
Use headers to name
rows and columns.
Sort and filter rows using the
column pop-up menu.
Refer to cells by
name in formulas.
12 Preface Welcome to iWork ’08
Welcome to Keynote ’08
Create spectacular presentations to amaze your audiences. Start with one of over 30
Apple-designed themes, and then add gorgeous text effects and advanced animations,
using Smart Builds or action builds, which move objects from point A to point B.
Remove an unwanted background from an image using Instant Alpha. Record your
voice with your slides for self-running presentations, kiosks, storyboards, or even
podcasts.
Choose the size of
the thumbnails.
Quickly access all your
photos, movies, and
music using the
Media Browser.
Themes include
multiple layouts with
coordinated fonts,
colors, image frames,
and backgrounds.
Use Instant Alpha on any
image to easily remove the
background color.
Play cinema-quality presentations,
or even record voiceovers for self-
running presentations.
Use Smart Builds with
drop zones to quickly
create sophisticated
animations.
Preface Welcome to iWork ’08 13
Create beautiful charts
with a single click.
Edit chart data directly.
Use the Inspector to
change the attributes of
any selected object.
Choose from a library
of lifelike 3D textures.
14 Preface Welcome to iWork ’08
About This Book
This book contains the following chapters:
ÂChapter 1, “Getting Started with Pages,” takes you step by step through the process
of creating a word processing document and a more graphics-intensive document.
ÂChapter 2, “Getting Started with Numbers,” takes you through the process of creating
a simple spreadsheet.
ÂChapter 3, “Getting Started with Keynote,” takes you through the process of creating
a slideshow.
These three tutorials will get you up and running quickly in each application.
Where to Go for More Help
In addition to this book, there are many other resources to help you as you use
iWork ’08:
ÂiWork ’08 tour. Watch an overview of what you can do with the iWork ’08 suite.
To view the tour, open an iWork ’08 application and choose Help > iWork Tour.
ÂOnline tutorials. Watch how-to videos about performing common tasks in each
application. The first time you open each iWork ’08 application, a message appears
with a link to these tutorials on the web. You can view an applications tutorial
anytime by choosing Help > Video Tutorials.
ÂUser’s guides. A printable PDF document, containing detailed instructions for
completing any task, is available for each application. To view a user guide, open the
application and choose Help > Application User Guide.
Preface Welcome to iWork ’08 15
ÂOnscreen help is provided for each application. The help contains thorough
instructions for completing all iWork tasks. To open the help, open an application and
choose Help > Application Help.
The first page of help also provides access to the following websites:
ÂiWork website (www.apple.com/iwork): The latest news and information about
iWork.
ÂSupport website (www.apple.com/support/application): Detailed information
about solving problems.
ÂHelp tags are available for many onscreen items. To see a help tag, hold the pointer
over an item for a few seconds.
16 Preface Welcome to iWork ’08
Overview of iWork Tools
All three iWork applications share many of the same tools.
The Toolbar and Format Bar
At the top of each application window, the toolbar provides controls for common tasks.
Each toolbar is described in detail in the appropriate chapter in this book. You can
customize the toolbar so that it contains the tools you use most often.
To customize the toolbar:
mChoose View > Customize Toolbar.
The Format Bar provides quick access to commonly used tools for formatting objects.
If the Format Bar isn’t visible beneath the toolbar, click View in the toolbar and choose
Show Format Bar to show it.
The toolbar at the top of each
window provides controls for
common tasks.
The Format Bar provides
additional formatting tools.
Preface Welcome to iWork ’08 17
The Inspector Window
You can format all elements of your document using the panes of the Inspector
window. The Inspector panes are described in detail in the users guides.
To open the Inspector window:
mClick Inspector (a blue i) in the toolbar.
You can have more than one Inspector window open at a time.
To open another Inspector window:
mChoose View > New Inspector, or Option-click one of the buttons at the top of the
Inspector window.
Click the buttons along the
top to see the different
Inspector panes.
18 Preface Welcome to iWork ’08
To see what a control does, rest the pointer over it until its help tag appears.
The Media Browser
This window provides quick access to all the files in your iTunes library, your iPhoto
library, your Aperture library, and your Movies folder. You can drag any audio file,
photo, or movie from the Media Browser directly into an iWork document.
To open the Media Browser:
mClick the Media button in the toolbar.
Click a button to view your
media files.
Drag a file to a document.
Search for a file.
Preface 19 Welcome to iWork ’08
The Font Panel
All three iWork applications use the Mac OS X Font panel, so you can use any font
installed on your computer in your iWork documents.
Create new font collections.
Drag favorite fonts to the
Favorites collection.
20 Preface Welcome to iWork ’08
The Colors Window
Use the Mac OS X Colors window to choose colors for text, table cells, objects,
shadows, and more.
The color selected in the
color wheel appears here.
Drag from here to apply
color to text or objects.
Click the color wheel to
select a color. Drag the
slider to change hues.
Change the color’s
transparency.
These buttons provide
different color models.
To find the color of an onscreen
item, click the magnifying glass
and then click the item.
To save a color for later use,
drag it from the color well at
the top of the window to one
of these squares.
24 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
Step 1: Create a New Document and Choose a Template
Templates are documents with placeholder content and formatting options—such as
font styles and margins—already set up for you, so that you can focus on your content
instead of design.
Pages provides two kinds of templates:
ÂWord Processing templates are best suited for text-intensive documents, such as
letters and reports.
ÂPage Layout templates are most useful for documents that feature graphics and are
more layout intensive, such as newsletters and flyers.
You complete most tasks exactly the same way in both kinds of documents. This
tutorial first takes you through the steps for creating a word processing document and
then presents the basics of page layout documents. For more information about the
differences between the two kinds of documents, see “Working with Page Layout
Documents” on page 43.
To create a new document:
1Do one of the following:
ÂIf Pages is open, choose File > New.
ÂIf Pages isn’t open, open it (click its icon in the Dock or double-click its icon in the
iWork ’08 folder inside the Applications folder).
2In the Template Chooser that appears, click a template category on the left, click a
template on the right, and then click Choose.
26 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
Step 2: Add and Format Text
Pages templates contain placeholder text, which shows you what text will look like and
where it will appear. Placeholder text is either a label (Prepared by, for example), sample
text (Project Proposal), or Latin text (Lorem ipsum …).
To replace placeholder text:
mClick the text and type.
When you click placeholder text in a template, all the placeholder text is highlighted.
When you type, the placeholder text disappears and is replaced by the text you type.
Tip: You might find it easier to work in the document if you display formatting
characters such as Return characters. Choose View > Show Invisibles.
Text you type to replace placeholder text is preformatted, but you can modify it to suit
your needs.
Placeholder text:
When you click it, the entire
text area is selected.
Chapter 1 27Getting Started with Pages
Changing Font Color and Other Text Attributes
You can format text using a variety of tools:
ÂThe Format Bar. Right below the toolbar, the Format Bar provides quick access to
commonly needed tools for changing fonts, type size and color, and other attributes.
To see what a tool does, rest the pointer over it for a few seconds until a help tag
appears.
Click to open the
Styles drawer.
Choose a paragraph
or character style. Align selected text.
Choose a
list style.
Change the font,
font style, font size,
and color.
Change line
spacing and
number of
columns.
28 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
You can also use the Format Bar to modify elements other than text; the tools
available change depending on what you select. When you select a graphic,
for example, the Format Bar displays graphic-specific controls:
ÂThe Format menu and Font panel. You can use the Format menu commands and
the Font panel for many text formatting tasks. To open the Font panel, click Fonts in
the toolbar.
ÂThe Inspector. The Text Inspector provides more formatting tools.
Choose a line style,
thickness, or color.
Open the Adjust Image
window.
Change an
object’s type.
Fill an object
with color.
Mask (crop) an image.
Change the
object’s text wrap.
Chapter 1 29Getting Started with Pages
To open the Text Inspector:
1Click Inspector in the toolbar (the blue i button).
2Click the Text Inspector button.
Tip: You can open multiple Inspectors by choosing View > New Inspector.
Change the space between
characters or lines of text.
Click a button to create lists,
tabs, and more.
Change text color or
alignment.
The Text Inspector button
Change the amount of padding
(space) around text in text boxes,
table cells, and shapes.
30 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
Using Styles and Creating Lists
A is predefined formatting for a particular kind of text, such as body text or style
captions. Styles are useful for quickly formatting and reformatting a document. When
you apply a style to text, it automatically uses the style’s font, size, color, and more. If
you want to change something—the size of body text, for example—you can simply
redefine the style—all the text that uses the style updates automatically to reflect the
new formatting.
Pages provides three kinds of text styles:
ÂParagraph styles can be applied only to entire paragraphs (chunks of text that end
with a Return character), not to individual words within paragraphs.
ÂCharacter styles can be used to format individual words, groups of words, or letters
within a paragraph. A common use of character styles is to emphasize particular
words using or bold italic. Applying a character style does not change the style of the
rest of the paragraph.
ÂList styles are used to create bulleted or numbered lists. Pages provides many list
styles; you can modify these styles or create your own.
You can apply paragraph, character, and list styles using the Format Bar or the Styles
drawer.
Chapter 1 31Getting Started with Pages
To open the Styles drawer:
mClick the Styles button on the far left of the Format Bar (or choose View > Show
Styles Drawer).
The Styles drawer
(can open on the left
or the right)
Click to open the
Styles drawer.
Click these buttons to display
character and list styles.
Each style’s name is
formatted using the style.
Create new styles.
Drag to resize the panes.
32 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
To apply a style to a paragraph:
mSelect the paragraph or paragraphs you want to change, and then do one of
the following:
ÂIn the Styles drawer, select a paragraph style.
ÂIn the Format Bar, click the Paragraph Styles button and choose a style.
To apply a style to characters:
1Select the character, word, or words you want to change, and then do one of
the following:
ÂIn the Styles drawer, select a character style.
ÂIn the Format Bar, click the Character Styles button and choose a style.
To create a list:
1Place the insertion point where you want to begin typing your list.
2Do one of the following:
ÂIn the Styles drawer, select a list style (if you don’t see List Styles, click the button at
the bottom right of the Styles drawer).
The Paragraph Styles
button
The Character Styles
button
Chapter 1 33Getting Started with Pages
ÂIn the Format Bar, click the List Styles button and choose a style.
ÂIn the Text Inspector, click List, and then choose a style from the Bullets & Numbering
pop-up menu.
3Type your text, pressing Return when you want to create the next item in the list or
Shift-Return to create a subparagraph (a new line of text that’s not the next list item).
You can press Tab to indent an item one level. For example, in a numbered list, pressing
Tab at the beginning of 4 changes the number to 1.
Tip: You can also generate lists automatically. For example, if you type an asterisk, a
space, some text, and then press Return, the next line automatically begins with an
asterisk. You can create automatic lists using the following characters followed by a
space and text:
ÂBullet (•) (press Option-8)
ÂHyphen (-)
ÂAsterisk (*)
ÂLetter followed by a period
ÂNumber followed by a period or a right parenthesis
The List Styles button
34 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
To turn off automatic list creation:
mChoose Pages > Preferences, click Auto-Correction, and deselect Automatically detect
lists.”
To change a list’s format, use the List pane of the Text Inspector. You can, for example,
change the text or image used for bullets.
You can modify any style included with a Pages template, and you can create your own
styles. For instructions, see Pages Help or the Pages User’s Guide.
Change the kind of symbol used
for each list item.
Adjust bullet size and position
relative to text.
Click the List button in the
Text Inspector.
Increase or decrease the indent
of selected text.
Adjust bullet indentation relative
to the first paragraph indent.
Set the text indent level
relative to the bullets.
Choose the bullet
symbol.
Chapter 1 35Getting Started with Pages
Step 3: Add Objects
The Media Browser gives you quick access to your iTunes library, your iPhoto library,
your Aperture library, and files in your Movies folder. For more information, see “The
Media Browser” on page 18.
Using Media Placeholders
The Pages templates provide media placeholders you can use to add your own images,
audio files, and movies to your documents. Although you can add these kinds of files
anywhere in a document, when you drag a file to a media placeholder, the file retains
the size and attributes of the original placeholder image.
To use a media placeholder:
mDrag a file from the Media Browser (or the Finder) to the media placeholder;
don’t release the mouse until a blue rectangle appears around the placeholder.
To replace the file in a media placeholder, simply drag a new file onto it—you don’t
have to delete the old one first.
Images in Pages templates
are placeholders for your own
images, audio files, and movies.
Make sure a blue rectangle
appears around the media
placeholder before you release
the mouse button.
36 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
Adding Objects
You can add objects—graphics, photos, movies, and so on—anywhere in a document
(not only in media placeholders). When you add an object to a page, it is either inline
or .floating
ÂInline objects are embedded within text and move along with the text. If you want a
graphic to be part of a particular paragraph, for example, you would add it as an
inline object.
ÂFloating objects don’t move with text; they change position only if you drag them to a
new location.
To add a floating object:
mDrag an image from the Media Browser or the Finder to the document.
To add an inline object:
1Hold down the Command key while you drag an object from the Media Browser or the
Finder to the document (don’t release the mouse yet).
2When the insertion point is at the location in the text where you want the image to
appear, release the mouse.
You can also place the insertion point within the text first, and then choose Insert >
Choose.
To resize a floating object,
drag a selection handle.
Chapter 1 37Getting Started with Pages
The selection handles on the top of inline objects are inactive. You can’t drag these
handles to resize the object; you resize it by dragging the active handles.
In word processing documents, you can change an object from one kind to another at
any time.
To change an object from inline to floating, or vice versa:
1Select the object.
2In the Format Bar, click the Inline or Floating button.
Wrapping Text Around Objects
You can wrap text around an image or other object, whether it is inline or floating.
By default, items you add to a word processing document have text wrapping turned
on, but you can turn it off if you want text to go on top of or under the object.
You can choose how you want text to wrap around an object—on the right side, left
side, top and bottom, and so on.
To resize an inline object, drag
one of the active (solid white)
selection handles.
Change an object from inline
to floating, or vice versa.
38 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
To change text-wrap options:
mSelect the object and do one of the following:
 In the Format Bar, choose an option from the Wrap pop-up menu.
 Open the Wrap Inspector and choose a text-wrap option.
The Wrap pop-up menu
Text-wrap options
The Wrap Inspector button
Change an object’s type
(for word processing
documents only).
Wrap text in a rectangular
border around the object
(left button) or following
the object’s contour (right).
Turn text wrapping
on or off.
Chapter 1 39Getting Started with Pages
Adding Shapes
Pages comes with a variety of shapes you can add to your document.
To add a shape:
mClick the Shapes button in the toolbar and select a shape (or choose Insert > Shape).
You can modify the shape using the Graphic Inspector. If the Inspector window isn’t
open, click Inspector in the toolbar. Then click the Graphic Inspector button.
You can also add text inside a shape.
Fill the shape with a color
or image.
The Graphic Inspector
button
Change the shape’s border.
Add a shadow behind the
shape.
Change the shape’s
transparency.
40 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
To add text inside a shape:
mDouble-click the shape and then type.
If you type more text than fits in the shape, a clipping indicator appears. To display the
rest of the text, select the shape (you might have to click outside the shape first) and
drag the selection handles to make the shape larger.
Step 4: Use Writing Tools
Pages makes it easy to refine and edit your document.
Checking Spelling and Proofreading Your Document
By default, Pages flags spelling errors as you type by putting a red dashed line below
misspelled words. You can also check for other errors, such as duplicated words,
improper capitalization, and punctuation errors.
To turn off automatic spell checking:
mChoose Edit > Spelling > “Check Spelling as You Type” to remove the checkmark next to
the menu command.
To find misspelled words whether or not “Check Spelling as You Type” is on:
mTo check the spelling of a particular word, Control-click it.
The clipping indicator appears
when there is more text than
fits in the shape.
Drag a selection handle to resize
the shape.
Chapter 1 41Getting Started with Pages
mTo check spelling and view suggestions for misspelled words, choose Edit > Spelling >
Spelling.
mTo highlight the next misspelled word (after the insertion point), choose Edit >
Spelling > Check Spelling.
To look for writing errors:
mSelect the text you wish to check and do one of the following:
 To check for errors as you type (with green underlining), choose Edit >
Proofreading > “Proofread as You Type.”
 To display a window explaining the error and suggesting alternatives, choose Edit >
Proofreading > Proofreader.
 To highlight the next grammatical error in the document, choose Edit >
Proofreading > Proofread.
Tracking Changes
As you revise a document, you can automatically record your changes. This feature is
useful, for example, when you work on a document with others, so that your
collaborators can easily see your changes.
To turn on change tracking, click Track Changes in the toolbar. Each person who edits
the document is automatically assigned a unique color. Any change you make is
recorded in a change bubble” along the outside edge of the document. Others have
the opportunity to accept or reject your changes.
Change bubbles appear for added or deleted text, replaced text, character and
paragraph formatting changes, and more. For more information about change
tracking, see Pages Help or the Pages Users Guide.
42 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
Researching Information
Pages provides a variety of useful research and reference tools that you can use to
enrich your document.
To see a word’s definition:
mSelect the word and choose Edit > Writing Tools > “Look Up in Dictionary and
Thesaurus.”
To research information on the Internet:
mSelect the text you want to investigate and do one of the following:
 Choose Edit > Writing Tools > Search in Google.
 Choose Edit > Writing Tools > Search in Wikipedia.
You can also Control-click anywhere in your document to quickly access the research
and reference tools.
Step 5: Share Your Document
When you want to share your document with others, you can print it, save it as a PDF
or in another format, or export it to an iLife application such as iWeb.
Here are ways to share your document:
mTo export your document, choose File > Export and choose a format.
 PDF: PDF files can be viewed and printed in Preview, Safari, or Adobe Reader. If you
want to send a Pages document to someone who doesn’t have Pages, a PDF is a
good option.
 Word: Word files can be opened and edited in Microsoft Word on a Mac OS X
computer or a Windows computer.
Chapter 1 43Getting Started with Pages
 RTF: RTF stands for Rich Text Format, a file format that retains most text formatting
and graphics. You can open and edit RTF files in a word processor.
 Plain Text: Plain Text files can be opened and edited in a text editing application,
such as TextEdit. However, exporting to a plain text file removes all your formatting,
and images aren’t exported.
mIf you have iWeb ‘08 or later installed, you can send a Pages document directly to a
blog or podcast entry, as an attachment. Choose File > Send to iWeb > or PDF
Pages Document. In iWeb, choose the blog or podcast to attach your document to.
mTo print a document, choose File > Print.
Working with Page Layout Documents
You would choose a Page Layout template (rather than a Word Processing template) for
a graphics-intensive document, such as a flyer, where you’ll frequently reposition
images and other objects. Page layout documents are also useful for continuing text on
nonsequential pages, as you would do in a newsletter.
You can do all the tasks described so far in this chapter in page layout documents as
well as in word processing documents. This section of the tutorial explains the
differences between the two kinds of documents and describes some of the typical
tasks when working with page layout documents.
44 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
The main differences between word processing and page layout documents are the
following:
ÂAdding text. You can type text directly on a word processing document. In a page
layout document, you can type text only in a text box. The templates include text
boxes, and you can easily add your own.
ÂAdding pages. In a word processing document, when you type more text than fits
on a page, a new page is automatically added. In page layout documents, new pages
aren’t added automatically, but it’s easy to add new pages (as described below).
In a page layout document, when you type more text than fits in a text box, you can
create a new text box and link the two boxes together (as described below).
Note: You can add and link text boxes in word processing documents, too.
ÂReordering pages. In a page layout document, each page is a discrete unit and you
can easily reorder pages. In a word processing document, you rearrange content by
copying and pasting, or by rearranging entire document sections. (For more
information about sections, see Pages Help or the Pages User’s Guide.)
ÂAdding objects. You can add floating and inline objects to page layout documents,
but you can’t change an object from one kind to the other. Any object you add to a
Page Layout template is a floating object, unless you insert the object within text.
Chapter 1 45Getting Started with Pages
To try working in a page layout document, open the Extreme Newsletter template
(choose File > New From Template Chooser, click Newsletters on the left, click
Extreme Newsletter on the right, and click Choose).
Creating and Linking Text Boxes
In page layout documents, all text is in text boxes that don’t grow automatically to
accommodate all the text. When text in a text box is longer than fits in the box, you
can make the box larger, or you can continue the text in another text box and link it to
the first. Linked text boxes can appear anywhere in a document. For example, you
could begin a story on page 1 and continue it on page 4.
You can add text boxes to word processing documents as well as to page layout
documents.
The rest of the tutorial uses
this Page Layout template.
46 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
To add a text box:
1Click Text Box in the toolbar.
A floating text box appears on the page.
2To enter text in the text box, click inside it and type.
3To select the text box (to move it, for example), click outside of it and then click it, or
press Command-Return.
When you type more text than fits inside a text box, a clipping indicator appears. To
continue the text in another text box, you link the two text boxes.
Drag the selection handles
to resize the text box.
The clipping indicator
indicates there is more text
than fits in the text box.
The blue tabs are for
linking text boxes.
Chapter 1 47Getting Started with Pages
To link text boxes:
1Click either of the blue tabs on the first text box.
2Click another text box, or create a new linked text box by clicking anywhere on the
page or scrolling to another page and clicking.
To unlink text boxes:
mSelect the text box you want to unlink and choose Format > Text Box >
“Break Connection out of Text Box.”
mDrag a blue tab (at the end of a connection line) to break the link.
mDrag a blue connection line to break the link.
Blue connection lines show
text box links.
This blue arrow indicates
that a text box can be linked
to the end of this text.
This blue arrow indicates that
a linked text box can be added
before this text flow.
48 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
Adding and Reordering Pages
In page layout documents, thumbnails of each page are displayed on the left side
of the document window. Thumbnails make it easy to see all your documents pages
at once, go quickly to a specific page, or change the order of pages or sections.
(You can display thumbnails in word processing documents too, but they don’t appear
by default.)
In page layout documents, you add pages as you need them. Each Pages template
comes with a variety of page types. For example, the Extreme Newsletter template
includes a cover, a text page without graphics, a back page, and more.
To add a page:
mClick the Pages button in the toolbar and choose a page type.
Drag thumbnails to
reorder pages.
Click a page to
go to it.
Add more pages
using this button.
Chapter 1 49Getting Started with Pages
To reorder pages:
mDrag pages in the thumbnail viewer.
To show or hide thumbnails:
mChoose View > Show Page Thumbnails (or Hide Page Thumbnails).
Masking (Cropping) Images
Masking enables you to show only part of an image. Typically, when you crop an image,
you delete the parts of the image that are outside of the crop border. With masking,
you can show only what you want, without changing the original image file.
You can mask images in word processing and page layout documents, using rectangles
or shapes.
To mask an image:
1Select an image and click the Mask button in the Format Bar (or choose Format >
Mask).
A mask appears over the image, with a resizable “window” in the center.
2To select the part of the image you want to appear, do any of the following:
ÂDrag the selection handles to resize the window.
ÂDrag the window to center it over the part of the image you want to feature.
ÂTo resize the image, move the slider left or right.
The Mask button
50 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
3When the window displays the portion of the image you want to appear, double-click
the window, press Return, or click the Edit Mask button.
The borders of a masked image are dotted lines. You can drag a masked image to
reposition it on the page, and you can drag the selection handles to resize the image.
To change the size of a mask:
1Double-click the masked image.
2Click the dotted border of the resizable window to select it (the hand pointer turns to
an arrow pointer when it is on the dotted border).
3Drag the window, the selection handles, and the slider to remask the image.
4When the window displays the portion of the image you want to appear, do one of the
following to exit masking mode:
 Double-click the mask window.
 Press Return.
Drag the slider to zoom in
on or out of the image.
Drag the photo to position
it in the mask window.
Drag the selection handles
to resize the mask window.
Chapter 1 51Getting Started with Pages
 Click the Edit Mask button.
To mask an image with a shape:
1Select an image, choose Format > “Mask with Shape,” and select a shape.
2Follow the steps above to mask the image.
To remove the mask from a masked image:
mSelect the image and choose Format > Unmask.
52 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
Removing Unwanted Areas from an Image
The Instant Alpha tool converts areas of a certain color to transparent. This tool is
useful, for example, for removing an unwanted background.
To remove the background from an image:
1Select the image.
2Choose Format > Instant Alpha.
3Drag slowly over an area you want to remove.
Dragging with the Instant Alpha
tool selects the contiguous area
that uses the same color.
Chapter 1 53Getting Started with Pages
As you drag, the selection grows to include the contiguous area that uses the same
color. You can control how much of the image is selected by dragging less or more.
4Repeat step 3 until you achieve the desired effect.
You can restore parts removed from the image at any time.
To restore parts of an image:
mChoose Format > Remove Instant Alpha.
mChoose Edit > Undo Instant Alpha as many times as you want.
Dragging more here …
… selects more of
the image.
54 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Pages
Continue to Explore
Now that you’ve completed the Pages tutorial, here are some suggestions for
experimenting with Pages on your own:
 Open different templates and explore the ways they organize and present text.
 Add shadows, reflections, graphical borders, and other visual effects.
 Add tables and charts.
 Explore headers, footers, and other document parts.
 Design your own templates.
Instructions for all these tasks and more are available in Pages Help and the Pages User’s
Guide (a PDF document).
2
55
2Getting Started with Numbers
This chapter takes you step by step through the process of
creating a simple spreadsheet.
What You’ll Learn
This tutorial shows you how to:
 Create a new spreadsheet.
 Add and format tables.
 Use formulas and functions.
 Add charts.
 Share your spreadsheet by printing it or exporting it for use by other applications.
Stopping, Saving, and Continuing
Be sure to save your work often by choosing File > Save. You can stop this tutorial
(or quit Numbers) at any time and return to it later. To quit Numbers, choose
Numbers > Quit Numbers.
To reopen your spreadsheet later, double-click it in the Finder, or drag its icon to the
Numbers icon in the Dock.
56 Chapter 2 Getting Started with Numbers
Step 1: Create a New Spreadsheet
To get started, you’ll create a Numbers spreadsheet based on a template that contains
predefined tables and a chart for comparing different loan options.
To create a new spreadsheet:
1Do one of the following:
 If Numbers is open, choose File > New.
 If Numbers isn’t open, click its icon in the Dock or double-click its icon in the
iWork ’08 folder inside the Applications folder.
2In the Template Chooser that appears, select Personal in the list of template categories
on the left, select the Loan Comparison template, and then click Choose.
Choose this template
to follow along with
this tutorial.
Chapter 2 57Getting Started with Numbers
Importing Excel and OFX Data
If you already have a document created in Microsoft Excel, you can import it into
Numbers. Simply drag the Excel document to the Numbers icon in the Dock or the
Finder.
If you receive financial records from your bank in a file that is in OFX (Open Financial
Exchange) format, you can drag the file to the Numbers icon.
58 Chapter 2 Getting Started with Numbers
Step 2: Get Familiar with the Numbers Window
This is what the template looks like when you first open it:
In this step, youre introduced to the basic Numbers elements—tables, charts,
and sheets.
Use sheets to divide your
spreadsheet into parts. The
Sheets pane shows the tables
and charts in each sheet.
When there are multiple table
cells selected, this area shows the
results of instant calculations on
the values in the cells.
Use the toolbar to
add and edit objects.
The Format Bar
provides tools for
common tasks.
The Inspector button
opens the Inspector,
which provides in-depth
formatting tools.
Use the Formula Bar
to add and edit
formulas in table cells.
In the Styles Pane,
choose a predefined
style to quickly
change a table’s
appearance.
Chapter 2 59Getting Started with Numbers
Introducing Tables
The Loan Comparison table in the template youre using has a header row, a header
column, and a footer row.
Although they’re optional, header rows, header columns, and footer rows are
very useful.
 Header rows and header columns let you assign names to rows and columns and then
use those names to refer to cells in formulas. They’re also used to label data in charts.
 Footer rows are useful for highlighting values derived from other values in the table.
Footer row (the bottom
row, even when you add
new rows)
Header row (the topmost
cell in every column)
Header column (the
leftmost cell in every row)
Chapter 2 61Getting Started with Numbers
When a cell is selected, its border is highlighted. Also, reference tabs appear around the
outside of the table. You can use the reference tabs to refer to cells in formulas, select
entire rows and columns, and more, as you’ll see throughout this tutorial.
When a cell is selected, you can use the Table handle in the upper-left corner to select
or move the table.
Reference tab numbers
refer to rows.
Reference tab letters
refer to columns.
Click the Table handle to select
the table. Drag the handle to
move the table.
The border of the
selected cell is
highlighted.
64 Chapter 2 Getting Started with Numbers
To see which table data is represented in the chart:
mClick the “Monthly Payments chart to select it.
Introducing Sheets
Like chapters in a book, sheets enable you to divide information into manageable
groups. For example, you might want to place a chart and its associated table on the
same sheet. Or you might want to place all the tables on one sheet and all the charts
on another. You might want to use one sheet for keeping track of business contacts
and other sheets for friends and relatives.
The Sheets pane—located to the left of the window, above the Styles pane—displays
the sheets and the tables and charts on each sheet.
Here are ways to use the Sheets pane:
mTo show or hide all of a sheet’s tables and charts, click the triangle to the left of the
sheet in the pane.
When the chart (below)
is selected, the related data
is highlighted in the table.
66 Chapter 2 Getting Started with Numbers
Defining Table Elements
Now you’ll practice resizing your new table and adding a header column, a header row,
a footer row, and a table name.
To resize your table by adding columns and rows:
1Click inside the table so that the reference tabs are visible.
2To add a row, click the arrow near any row’s reference tab to display its pop-up menu,
and then choose Add Row Above or Add Row Below.
3To add a column, click the arrow in any column’s reference tab to display its pop-up
menu, and then choose Add Column Before or Add Column After.
Later you’ll learn other techniques for adding rows and columns.
Chapter 2 67Getting Started with Numbers
To resize your table by dragging selection handles:
mSelect your new table and then experiment with the various selection handles to
discover how they affect table size.
Before continuing, delete the table you’ve been resizing and add a fresh one.
To add a fresh table:
1Select the table you’ve been using, and press Delete.
2Add a Plain table, and apply the Basic table style to it.
Drag this handle or the opposite
handle up or down to expand or
contract rows.
Drag this handle or the opposite
handle to the right or left to expand
or contract columns.
Drag any of the four corner handles
diagonally to resize columns and
rows at the same time.
68 Chapter 2 Getting Started with Numbers
To add a header column, a header row, and a footer row:
1Select your new table.
2Click the buttons in the Format Bar that add a header column, a header row, and a
footer row.
To remove a header column or row, or a footer row, click its button again.
To add a table name:
1Select the table.
2In the Sheets pane, double-click the text next to the table’s icon, type the name
My Table, and press Return.
3In the Format Bar, select the Name checkbox to show the name on the sheet.
Add a header column. Add a header row. Add a footer row.
Chapter 2 69Getting Started with Numbers
Formatting a Table
You’ve already used a table style to quickly format your table. Now that your table has
headers and a footer, take a moment to see how the table styles change them.
To apply a different style to your table:
1Select the table or any cell in it.
2In the Styles pane, click a style.
3Click other styles to explore the various effects.
4Before continuing with the tutorial, click Basic.
70 Chapter 2 Getting Started with Numbers
Working with Columns and Rows
Now you’ll practice manipulating a table’s columns and rows.
To change the columns and rows:
1Add a column to the table by clicking any cell in the table and then clicking the
Column handle in the upper-right corner.
2Delete rows 7 through 10.
aClick the reference tab for row 7 to select the entire row, and then press the Shift key
while you click the reference tab for row 10.
You can also drag the row 7 reference tab downward until row 10 is selected.
The Column and Row handle:
Drag down to add rows. Drag
to the right to add columns.
The Row handle:
Click to add one row or
drag to add more.
The Table handle:
Drag it to move the table.
The Column handle:
Click to add one column or drag
to add multiple columns.
72 Chapter 2 Getting Started with Numbers
Navigating from Cell to Cell
To navigate among cells, you can use the arrow keys. But as you’ve just seen, you can
also use the Tab and Return keys:
 Pressing Tab saves the value you just entered and then selects the next cell to the
right. For the last cell in a row, pressing Tab twice saves the value and adds a new
column.
 Pressing Return selects the next cell down. If you’ve been using the Tab key to
navigate among cells, pressing Return selects the next cell down from the cell in
which you started tabbing.
For the last row in a table (if theres a footer row, the last row is the row above the
footer row), pressing Return adds a new row. For the last cell in the last row,
pressing Return twice saves the value and adds a new row.
Note: If your table contains a lot of text, you might want to change what happens
when you press the Tab and Return keys. For information, see Numbers Help or the
Numbers Users Guide.
Chapter 2 73Getting Started with Numbers
Adding Data
Now you’ll practice adding data, formatting data, and performing other operations on
cell values.
You can use cell formats to control how cell values are displayed. For this example,
you’ll apply the Currency format to blank table cells, so that when you enter a number
in a cell, the number is automatically formatted as a monetary value. For example,
when you enter 25000, the number is automatically displayed as $25,000.00.
To apply a cell format to table cells:
1Select cell B2, hold down the Shift key, and then select cell F7.
2In the Format Bar, click the Currency Format button to define a currency format.
By default, this format displays the currency symbol, 2 decimal places, a thousands
separator, and negative numbers with the negative symbol.
To change the number of decimal places displayed, you could use the Decrease
Decimal Places button or the Increase Decimal Places button. For even more control
over cell formatting, you use the Cells Inspector.
Currency
Format button
Increase Decimal
Places button
Decrease Decimal
Places button
76 Chapter 2 Getting Started with Numbers
To see text wrapping in action:
mIn cell A2, change Appliances to Kitchen appliances.
The height of the cell changes to accommodate the longer text string, because Wrap is
selected for the cell, as you can see in the Format Bar. In the template you’re using, text
wrapping is on by default for the cells in the row and column headers and the footer.
For more information, see Numbers Help or the Numbers Users Guide.
Using Cell Controls
Instead of typing a value in a cell, you can use a cell control to add the value. A cell
control can precisely regulate the data in a cell, and makes it easier than typing to
enter a value.
There are several kinds of cell controls:
 A checkbox is for cells whose value can be one of two states, such as yes or no.
 A enables you to make large changes to numbers very quickly.slider
 A enables you to increase or decrease numbers in specific, predefined stepper
increments.
 A menu enables you to predefine specific values a cell can contain.pop-up
To add a stepper:
1Select cell D5, which should contain the value $5,000.00.
2In the Cells Inspector, choose Stepper from the Cell Format pop-up menu.
3Change the Maximum value to 10000 and the Increment value to 500.
78 Chapter 2 Getting Started with Numbers
To change the background color of a cell:
1Select cell F7, the bottom-right cell in your table.
2In the Format Bar, click the Fill button.
3In the palette that appears, click a color.
You can also add color to a cell, and to alternating rows, using the Table Inspector.
Add a background
color to this cell.
Choose the kind of fill for a cell:
None, Color Fill, Gradient Fill,
Image Fill, or Tinted Image Fill.
Select this checkbox and click the
adjacent color well to apply a
different color to every other row.
80 Chapter 2 Getting Started with Numbers
Step 4: Use Formulas and Functions
Numbers can automatically perform calculations for you. For example, you can have
a spreadsheet automatically add a column of numbers and display the sum in a
table cell.
To display the results of a calculation in a table cell, you add a formula to that cell. Most
formula calculations are done using values in other table cells.
Formulas use the following:
 Operators perform operations such as addition (+). For example, =A2 + 16 is a formula
that adds 16 to the value in cell A2. When the value in A2 changes, so does the value
in the cell containing the formula.
Note: All formulas must begin with an equal sign (=). For simplicity, the equal sign
may be omitted in explanatory text.
 Functions are predefined, named operations, such as SUM and AVERAGE. To use a
function, you select it from a list or type its name, and then specify the arguments
the function needs in parentheses following the function’s name.
 Arguments provide the data that a function uses to perform its operations.
For example, SUM(A2, 16, B4) adds three values. Notice that arguments are separated
using commas.
Numbers provides several tools for working with formulas. In the following pages,
you’ll practice using all of them.
Chapter 2 81Getting Started with Numbers
Adding a Quick Formula
To perform a simple calculation using values in adjacent cells, the easiest approach is
to use a quick formula. Here you’ll use a quick formula to add the values in column B of
your table and display the result in the column’s footer cell.
To add a quick formula:
1Click cell B7, the footer cell for column B.
2Click Function in the toolbar and choose Sum.
The value $4,000, the sum of the two numbers in column B, appears in the column’s
footer cell.
The sum changes whenever the values in column B change.
This value is calculated automatically
using a quick formula.
82 Chapter 2 Getting Started with Numbers
3To commit the value, click cell B2, type 4000, and then press Tab.
Notice that the sum changes to $6,500.
To view a formula:
mClick the cell in which the sum is displayed (cell B7), and look at the Formula Bar
(beneath the Format Bar) to view the formula associated with the cell.
The formula in the cell is SUM(‘Jan-Mar’). SUM is a function that adds together the
values in the arguments specified between the parentheses. In this case, the column
heading is the argument; using a header cell name is an easy way to refer to all the
values in a column or row.
Using the Formula Editor
Another way to add, view, and edit formulas is to use the Formula Editor.
To view a formula using the Formula Editor:
mDouble-click cell B7.
View or edit the formula
in the text field.
Click the Cancel button
to discard changes.
Click the Accept button
to save changes.
Click to open the
Function Browser.
Chapter 2 87Getting Started with Numbers
If you find a particular calculation very useful and you want to incorporate it into a
table, drag the calculation to an empty table cell anywhere in your spreadsheet.
Using Your Results in the Loan Comparison Table
Now you can use the predefined template table to compare three loans for $40,500.
To compare loans:
1Select the Loan Comparison table.
If you were using this table for your own loan comparison, you’d change the values
for Annual Percentage Rate or loan duration (Length in Months Length in Years) or to
match the terms of the loans you’re comparing. For this exercise, we’ll use the
predefined values.
2Select cell B2 and type the equal sign (=) to open the Formula Editor.
3Click the lower-right cell in My Table to indicate you want to display the grand total in
cell B2 of the Loan Comparison table.
4Click the Accept button in the Formula Editor.
The Loan Comparison table reappears, with the value $40,500 in cell B2.
5Repeat steps 2 through 4 to add the grand total to cells C2 and D2.
Compare monthly payments …
… and compare the total costs.
90 Chapter 2 Getting Started with Numbers
Numbers creates a 2D column chart that plots the two selected values.
4Click the Row button in the upper left.
Numbers assigns a
color to the table
column so you can
easily see how chart
elements map to
table data.
Click the Row button to
represent data in the chart by
row instead of by column.
The colors of the bars
match the table column
colors.


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