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AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Introduction

This manual gives an overview and explanation of every instruction available for 8-bit AVR

® devices. Each instruction

has its own section containing functional description, it’s opcode, and syntax, the end state of the status register, and

cycle times.

The manual also contains an explanation of the different addressing modes used by AVR devices and an appendix

listing all modern AVR devices and what instruction it has available.

Table of Contents

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

1. Instruction Set Nomenclature..................................................................................................................6

2. CPU Registers Located in the I/O Space................................................................................................8

2.1. RAMPX, RAMPY, and RAMPZ.....................................................................................................8

2.2. RAMPD........................................................................................................................................ 8

2.3. EIND.............................................................................................................................................8

3. The Program and Data Addressing Modes.............................................................................................9

3.1. Register Direct, Single Register Rd..............................................................................................9

3.2. Register Direct - Two Registers, Rd and Rr................................................................................. 9

3.3. I/O Direct.................................................................................................................................... 10

3.4. Data Direct................................................................................................................................. 10

3.5. Data Indirect............................................................................................................................... 11

3.6. Data Indirect with Pre-decrement............................................................................................... 11

3.7. Data Indirect with Post-increment.............................................................................................. 12

3.8. Data Indirect with Displacement.................................................................................................12

3.9. Program Memory Constant Addressing using the LPM, ELPM, and SPM Instructions............. 13

3.10. Program Memory with Post-increment using the LPM Z+ and ELPM Z+ Instruction................. 13

3.11. Store Program Memory Post-increment.....................................................................................14

3.12. Direct Program Addressing, JMP and CALL.............................................................................. 14

3.13. Indirect Program Addressing, IJMP and ICALL..........................................................................15

3.14. Extended Indirect Program Addressing, EIJMP and EICALL.....................................................15

3.15. Relative Program Addressing, RJMP and RCALL..................................................................... 16

4. Conditional Branch Summary............................................................................................................... 17

5. Instruction Set Summary.......................................................................................................................18

6. Instruction Description...........................................................................................................................24

6.1. ADC – Add with Carry................................................................................................................ 24

6.2. ADD – Add without Carry........................................................................................................... 25

6.3. ADIW – Add Immediate to Word................................................................................................ 26

6.4. AND – Logical AND....................................................................................................................27

6.5. ANDI – Logical AND with Immediate..........................................................................................28

6.6. ASR – Arithmetic Shift Right...................................................................................................... 29

6.7. BCLR – Bit Clear in SREG......................................................................................................... 30

6.8. BLD – Bit Load from the T Bit in SREG to a Bit in Register....................................................... 31

6.9. BRBC – Branch if Bit in SREG is Cleared..................................................................................32

6.10. BRBS – Branch if Bit in SREG is Set......................................................................................... 33

6.11. BRCC – Branch if Carry Cleared................................................................................................34

6.12. BRCS – Branch if Carry Set....................................................................................................... 35

6.13. BREAK – Break..........................................................................................................................36

6.14. BREQ – Branch if Equal.............................................................................................................36

6.15. BRGE – Branch if Greater or Equal (Signed).............................................................................37

6.16. BRHC – Branch if Half Carry Flag is Cleared.............................................................................38

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

6.17. BRHS – Branch if Half Carry Flag is Set....................................................................................39

6.18. BRID – Branch if Global Interrupt is Disabled............................................................................ 40

6.19. BRIE – Branch if Global Interrupt is Enabled............................................................................. 41

6.20. BRLO – Branch if Lower (Unsigned).......................................................................................... 42

6.21. BRLT – Branch if Less Than (Signed)........................................................................................43

6.22. BRMI – Branch if Minus..............................................................................................................44

6.23. BRNE – Branch if Not Equal...................................................................................................... 45

6.24. BRPL – Branch if Plus................................................................................................................46

6.25. BRSH – Branch if Same or Higher (Unsigned).......................................................................... 47

6.26. BRTC – Branch if the T Bit is Cleared........................................................................................48

6.27. BRTS – Branch if the T Bit is Set............................................................................................... 49

6.28. BRVC – Branch if Overflow Cleared.......................................................................................... 50

6.29. BRVS – Branch if Overflow Set..................................................................................................51

6.30. BSET – Bit Set in SREG............................................................................................................ 52

6.31. BST – Bit Store from Bit in Register to T Bit in SREG................................................................53

6.32. CALL – Long Call to a Subroutine..............................................................................................54

6.33. CBI – Clear Bit in I/O Register....................................................................................................55

6.34. CBR – Clear Bits in Register...................................................................................................... 56

6.35. CLC – Clear Carry Flag..............................................................................................................57

6.36. CLH – Clear Half Carry Flag...................................................................................................... 57

6.37. CLI – Clear Global Interrupt Enable Bit...................................................................................... 58

6.38. CLN – Clear Negative Flag........................................................................................................ 59

6.39. CLR – Clear Register................................................................................................................. 60

6.40. CLS – Clear Sign Flag................................................................................................................61

6.41. CLT – Clear T Bit........................................................................................................................62

6.42. CLV – Clear Overflow Flag.........................................................................................................62

6.43. CLZ – Clear Zero Flag................................................................................................................63

6.44. COM – One’s Complement........................................................................................................ 64

6.45. CP – Compare............................................................................................................................65

6.46. CPC – Compare with Carry........................................................................................................66

6.47. CPI – Compare with Immediate................................................................................................. 67

6.48. CPSE – Compare Skip if Equal..................................................................................................68

6.49. DEC – Decrement...................................................................................................................... 69

6.50. DES – Data Encryption Standard...............................................................................................71

6.51. EICALL – Extended Indirect Call to Subroutine......................................................................... 72

6.52. EIJMP – Extended Indirect Jump............................................................................................... 73

6.53. ELPM – Extended Load Program Memory.................................................................................73

6.54. EOR – Exclusive OR.................................................................................................................. 75

6.55. FMUL – Fractional Multiply Unsigned........................................................................................ 76

6.56. FMULS – Fractional Multiply Signed.......................................................................................... 77

6.57. FMULSU – Fractional Multiply Signed with Unsigned................................................................79

6.58. ICALL – Indirect Call to Subroutine............................................................................................80

6.59. IJMP – Indirect Jump..................................................................................................................81

6.60. IN - Load an I/O Location to Register.........................................................................................82

6.61. INC – Increment......................................................................................................................... 83

6.62. JMP – Jump............................................................................................................................... 84

6.63. LAC – Load and Clear................................................................................................................85

6.64. LAS – Load and Set................................................................................................................... 86

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

6.65. LAT – Load and Toggle.............................................................................................................. 86

6.66. LD – Load Indirect from Data Space to Register using X...........................................................87

6.67. LD (LDD) – Load Indirect from Data Space to Register using Y................................................ 89

6.68. LD (LDD) – Load Indirect From Data Space to Register using Z............................................... 90

6.69. LDI – Load Immediate................................................................................................................ 92

6.70. LDS – Load Direct from Data Space.......................................................................................... 93

6.71. LDS (AVRrc) – Load Direct from Data Space............................................................................ 94

6.72. LPM – Load Program Memory................................................................................................... 95

6.73. LSL – Logical Shift Left.............................................................................................................. 96

6.74. LSR – Logical Shift Right........................................................................................................... 97

6.75. MOV – Copy Register................................................................................................................ 98

6.76. MOVW – Copy Register Word................................................................................................... 99

6.77. MUL – Multiply Unsigned......................................................................................................... 100

6.78. MULS – Multiply Signed........................................................................................................... 101

6.79. MULSU – Multiply Signed with Unsigned.................................................................................102

6.80. NEG – Two’s Complement....................................................................................................... 103

6.81. NOP – No Operation................................................................................................................ 104

6.82. OR – Logical OR...................................................................................................................... 105

6.83. ORI – Logical OR with Immediate............................................................................................106

6.84. OUT – Store Register to I/O Location...................................................................................... 107

6.85. POP – Pop Register from Stack...............................................................................................108

6.86. PUSH – Push Register on Stack..............................................................................................109

6.87. RCALL – Relative Call to Subroutine....................................................................................... 110

6.88. RET – Return from Subroutine................................................................................................. 111

6.89. RETI – Return from Interrupt.................................................................................................... 112

6.90. RJMP – Relative Jump............................................................................................................. 113

6.91. ROL – Rotate Left trough Carry................................................................................................114

6.92. ROR – Rotate Right through Carry...........................................................................................115

6.93. SBC – Subtract with Carry........................................................................................................116

6.94. SBCI – Subtract Immediate with Carry SBI – Set Bit in I/O Register....................................... 117

6.95. SBI – Set Bit in I/O Register..................................................................................................... 118

6.96. SBIC – Skip if Bit in I/O Register is Cleared............................................................................. 119

6.97. SBIS – Skip if Bit in I/O Register is Set.................................................................................... 120

6.98. SBIW – Subtract Immediate from Word................................................................................... 121

6.99. SBR – Set Bits in Register....................................................................................................... 122

6.100. SBRC – Skip if Bit in Register is Cleared.................................................................................123

6.101. SBRS – Skip if Bit in Register is Set........................................................................................ 124

6.102. SEC – Set Carry Flag...............................................................................................................125

6.103. SEH – Set Half Carry Flag....................................................................................................... 126

6.104. SEI – Set Global Interrupt Enable Bit.......................................................................................127

6.105. SEN – Set Negative Flag......................................................................................................... 128

6.106. SER – Set all Bits in Register...................................................................................................128

6.107. SES – Set Sign Flag................................................................................................................ 129

6.108. SET – Set T Bit........................................................................................................................ 130

6.109. SEV – Set Overflow Flag......................................................................................................... 131

6.110. SEZ – Set Zero Flag.................................................................................................................132

6.111. SLEEP......................................................................................................................................132

6.112. SPM (AVRe) – Store Program Memory....................................................................................133

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

6.113. SPM (AVRxm, AVRxt) – Store Program Memory.....................................................................135

6.114. ST – Store Indirect From Register to Data Space using Index X.............................................136

6.115. ST (STD) – Store Indirect From Register to Data Space using Index Y.................................. 138

6.116. ST (STD) – Store Indirect From Register to Data Space using Index Z...................................140

6.117. STS – Store Direct to Data Space............................................................................................141

6.118. STS (AVRrc) – Store Direct to Data Space.............................................................................. 142

6.119. SUB – Subtract Without Carry..................................................................................................143

6.120. SUBI – Subtract Immediate......................................................................................................144

6.121. SWAP – Swap Nibbles.............................................................................................................145

6.122. TST – Test for Zero or Minus................................................................................................... 146

6.123. WDR – Watchdog Reset.......................................................................................................... 147

6.124. XCH – Exchange......................................................................................................................148

7. Appendix A Device Core Overview..................................................................................................... 149

7.1. Core Descriptions.....................................................................................................................149

7.2. Device Tables...........................................................................................................................150

8. Revision History.................................................................................................................................. 161

8.1. Rev. DS40002198B - 02/2021..................................................................................................161

8.2. Rev. DS40002198A - 05/2020..................................................................................................161

8.3. Rev.0856L - 11/2016................................................................................................................ 161

8.4. Rev.0856K - 04/2016................................................................................................................161

8.5. Rev.0856J - 07/2014................................................................................................................ 161

8.6. Rev.0856I – 07/2010................................................................................................................ 161

8.7. Rev.0856H – 04/2009...............................................................................................................162

8.8. Rev.0856G – 07/2008.............................................................................................................. 162

8.9. Rev.0856F – 05/2008...............................................................................................................162

The Microchip Website...............................................................................................................................163

Product Change Notification Service..........................................................................................................163

Customer Support...................................................................................................................................... 163

Microchip Devices Code Protection Feature..............................................................................................163

Legal Notice............................................................................................................................................... 164

Trademarks................................................................................................................................................ 164

Quality Management System..................................................................................................................... 165

Worldwide Sales and Service.....................................................................................................................166

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

1. Instruction Set Nomenclature

Status Register (SREG)

SREG Status Register

CCarry Flag

ZZero Flag

NNegative Flag

VTwo’s Complement Overflow Flag

SSign Flag

HHalf Carry Flag

TTransfer Bit

IGlobal Interrupt Enable Bit

Registers and Operands

Rd: Destination (and source) register in the Register File

Rr: Source register in the Register File

R: Result after instruction is executed

K: Constant data

k: Constant address

b: Bit position (0..7) in the Register File or I/O Register

s: Bit position (0..7)in the Status Register

X,Y,Z: Indirect Address Register (X=R27:R26, Y=R29:R28, and Z=R31:R30 or X=RAMPX:R27:R26,

Y=RAMPY:R29:R28, and Z=RAMPZ:R31:R30 if the memory is larger than 64 KB)

A: I/O memory address

q: Displacement for direct addressing

UU Unsigned × Unsigned operands

SS Signed × Signed operands

SU Signed × Unsigned operands

Memory Space Identifiers

DS( ) Represents a pointer to address in data space

PS( ) Represents a pointer to address in program space

I/O(A) I/O space address A

I/O(A,b) Bit position b of the byte in I/O space address A

Rd(n) Bit n in register Rd

Operator

×Arithmetic multiplication

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Set Nomenclature

+Arithmetic addition

-Arithmetic subtraction

∧

∧∧ Logical AND

∨

∨∨ Logical OR

⊕

⊕⊕ Logical XOR

>> Shift right

<< Shift left

== Comparison

←Assignment

↔Swap

xLogical complement of x (NOT x)

Stack

STACK Stack for return address and pushed registers

SP The Stack Pointer

Flags

⇔

⇔⇔ Flag affected by instruction

0Flag cleared by instruction

1Flag set by instruction

-Flag not affected by instruction

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Set Nomenclature

2. CPU Registers Located in the I/O Space

2.1 RAMPX, RAMPY, and RAMPZ

Registers concatenated with the X-, Y-, and Z-registers enabling indirect addressing of the whole data space on

MCUs with more than 64 KB data space, and constant data fetch on MCUs with more than 64 KB program space.

2.2 RAMPD

than 64 KB data space.

2.3 EIND

more than 64K words (128 KB) program space.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

CPU Registers Located in the I/O Space

3. The Program and Data Addressing Modes

The AVR® Enhanced RISC microcontroller supports powerful and efficient addressing modes for access to the

program memory (Flash) and Data memory (SRAM, Register file, I/O Memory, and Extended I/O Memory). This

section describes the various addressing modes supported by the AVR architecture. In the following figures, OP

means the operation code part of the instruction word. To simplify, not all figures show the exact location of the

addressing bits. To generalize, the abstract terms RAMEND and FLASHEND have been used to represent the

highest location in data and program space, respectively.

Note: Not all addressing modes are present in all devices. Refer to the device specific instruction summary.

3.1 Register Direct, Single Register Rd

Figure 3-1. Direct Single Register Addressing

The operand is contained in the destination register (Rd).

3.2 Register Direct - Two Registers, Rd and Rr

Figure 3-2. Direct Register Addressing, Two Registers

OP Rr Rd

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

The Program and Data Addressing Modes

Operands are contained in the sources register (Rr) and destination register (Rd). The result is stored in the

destination register (Rd).

3.3 I/O Direct

Figure 3-3. I/O Direct Addressing

OP Rr/Rd A

Operand address A is contained in the instruction word. Rr/Rd specify the destination or source register.

Note: Some AVR microcontrollers have more peripheral units than can be supported within the 64 locations

reserved in the opcode for I/O direct addressing. The extended I/O memory from address 64 and higher can only be

reached by data addressing, not I/O addressing.

3.4 Data Direct

Figure 3-4. Direct Data Addressing

Data Address

OP Rr/Rd

A 16-bit Data Address is contained in the 16 LSBs of a two-word instruction. Rd/Rr specify the destination or source

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

The Program and Data Addressing Modes

3.5 Data Indirect

Figure 3-5. Data Indirect Addressing

X, Y OR Z - POINTER

The operand address is the contents of the X-, Y-, or the Z-pointer. In AVR devices without SRAM, Data Indirect

Addressing is called Register Indirect Addressing.

3.6 Data Indirect with Pre-decrement

Figure 3-6. Data Indirect Addressing with Pre-decrement

X, Y OR Z - POINTER

The X,- Y-, or the Z-pointer is decremented before the operation. The operand address is the decremented contents

of the X-, Y-, or the Z-pointer.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

The Program and Data Addressing Modes

3.7 Data Indirect with Post-increment

Figure 3-7. Data Indirect Addressing with Post-increment

X, Y OR Z - POINTER

The X-, Y-, or the Z-pointer is incremented after the operation. The operand address is the content of the X-, Y-, or

the Z-pointer before incrementing.

3.8 Data Indirect with Displacement

Figure 3-8. Data Indirect with Displacement

Y OR Z - POINTER

OP Rr/Rd

The operand address is the result of the q displacement contained in the instruction word added to the Y- or

Z-pointer. Rd/Rr specify the destination or source register.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

The Program and Data Addressing Modes

3.9 Program Memory Constant Addressing using the LPM, ELPM, and SPM

Instructions

Figure 3-9. Program Memory Constant Addressing

LSb

Z - POINTER

Constant byte address is specified by the Z-pointer contents. The 15 MSbs select word address. For LPM, the LSb

selects low byte if cleared (LSb == 0) or high byte if set (LSb == 1). For SPM, the LSb should be cleared. If ELPM is

used, the RAMPZ Register is used to extend the Z-register.

3.10 Program Memory with Post-increment using the LPM Z+ and ELPM Z+ Instruction

Figure 3-10. Program Memory Addressing with Post-increment

LSb

Z - POINTER

Constant byte address is specified by the Z-pointer contents. The 15 MSbs select word address. The LSb selects low

byte if cleared (LSb == 0) or high byte if set (LSb == 1). If ELPM Z+ is used, the RAMPZ Register is used to extend

the Z-register.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

The Program and Data Addressing Modes

3.11 Store Program Memory Post-increment

Figure 3-11. Store Program Memory

Z - POINTER

The Z-pointer is incremented by 2 after the operation. Constant byte address is specified by the Z-pointer contents

before incrementing. The 15 MSbs select word address and the LSb should be left cleared.

3.12 Direct Program Addressing, JMP and CALL

Figure 3-12. Direct Program Memory Addressing

Program execution continues at the address immediate in the instruction word.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

The Program and Data Addressing Modes

3.13 Indirect Program Addressing, IJMP and ICALL

Figure 3-13. Indirect Program Memory Addressing

Z - REGISTER

Program execution continues at the address contained by the Z-register (i.e., the PC is loaded with the contents of

the Z-register).

3.14 Extended Indirect Program Addressing, EIJMP and EICALL

Figure 3-14. Extended Indirect Program Memory Addressing

Z - REGISTER

EIND

Program execution continues at the address contained by the Z-register and the EIND-register (i.e., the PC is loaded

with the contents of the EIND and Z-register).

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

The Program and Data Addressing Modes

3.15 Relative Program Addressing, RJMP and RCALL

Figure 3-15. Relative Program Memory Addressing

Program execution continues at the address PC + k + 1. The relative address k is from -2048 to 2047.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

The Program and Data Addressing Modes

5. Instruction Set Summary

Several updates of the AVR CPU during its lifetime has resulted in different flavors of the instruction set, especially

for the timing of the instructions. Machine code level of compatibility is intact for all CPU versions with very few

exceptions related to the Reduced Core (AVRrc), though not all instructions are included in the instruction set for all

devices. The table below contains the major versions of the AVR 8-bit CPUs. In addition to the different versions,

there are differences depending on the size of the device memory map. Typically these differences are handled by

a C/EC++ compiler, but users that are porting code should be aware that the code execution can vary slightly in the

number of clock cycles.

Table 5-1. Versions of AVR® 8-bit CPU

Name Description

AVR Original instruction set from 1995

AVRe AVR instruction set extended with the Move Word (MOVW) instruction, and the Load Program

Memory (LPM) instruction has been enhanced. Same timing as AVR.

AVRe+ AVRe instruction set extended with the Multiply (xMULxx) instructions, and if applicable with the

extended range instructions EICALL, EIJMP and ELPM. Same timing as AVR and AVRe. Thus,

tables listing number of clock cycles do not distiguish between AVRe and AVRe+, and use AVRe

to represent both.

AVRxm AVRe+ instruction set extended with the Read Modify Write (RMW) and Data Encryption

Standard (DES) instructions. SPM extended to include SPM Z+2. Significantly different timing

compared to AVR, AVRe, AVRe+.

AVRxt A combination of AVRe+ and AVRxm. Available instructions are the same as AVRe+, but the

timing has been improved compared to AVR, AVRe, AVRe+ and AVRxm.

AVRrc AVRrc has only 16 registers in its register file (R31-R16), and the instruction set is reduced. The

timing is significantly different compared to the AVR, AVRe, AVRe+, AVRxm and AVRxt. Refer to

the instruction set summary for further details.

Table 5-2. Arithmetic and Logic Instructions

Mnemonic Operands Description Operation Flags #Clocks

AVRe

#Clocks

AVRxm

#Clocks

AVRxt

#Clocks

AVRrc

ADD Rd, Rr Add without Carry Rd ← Rd + Rr Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 1 1 1

ADC Rd, Rr Add with Carry Rd ← Rd + Rr + C Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 1 1 1

ADIW Rd, K Add Immediate to Word R[d + 1]:Rd ← R[d + 1]:Rd + K Z,C,N,V,S 2 2 2 N/A

SUB Rd, Rr Subtract without Carry Rd ← Rd - Rr Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 1 1 1

SUBI Rd, K Subtract Immediate Rd ← Rd - K Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 1 1 1

SBC Rd, Rr Subtract with Carry Rd ← Rd - Rr - C Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 1 1 1

SBCI Rd, K Subtract Immediate with

Carry

Rd ← Rd - K - C Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 1 1 1

SBIW Rd, K Subtract Immediate from

Word

R[d + 1]:Rd ← R[d + 1]:Rd - K Z,C,N,V,S 2 2 2 N/A

AND Rd, Rr Logical AND Rd ← Rd Rr Z,N,V,S 1 1 1 1∧

ANDI Rd, K Logical AND with

Immediate

Rd ← Rd K Z,N,V,S 1 1 1 1∧

OR Rd, Rr Logical OR Rd ← Rd v Rr Z,N,V,S 1 1 1 1

ORI Rd, K Logical OR with Immediate Rd ← Rd v K Z,N,V,S 1 1 1 1

EOR Rd, Rr Exclusive OR Rd ← Rd Rr Z,N,V,S 1 1 1 1⊕

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Set Summary

...........continued

Mnemonic Operands Description Operation Flags #Clocks

AVRe

#Clocks

AVRxm

#Clocks

AVRxt

#Clocks

AVRrc

COM Rd One’s Complement Rd ← 0xFF - Rd Z,C,N,V,S 1 1 1 1

NEG Rd Two’s Complement Rd ← 0x00 - Rd Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 1 1 1

SBR Rd,K Set Bit(s) in Register Rd ← Rd v K Z,N,V,S 1 1 1 1

CBR Rd,K Clear Bit(s) in Register Rd ← Rd (0xFFh - K) Z,N,V,S 1 1 1 1∧

INC Rd Increment Rd ← Rd + 1 Z,N,V,S 1 1 1 1

DEC Rd Decrement Rd ← Rd - 1 Z,N,V,S 1 1 1 1

TST Rd Test for Zero or Minus Rd ← Rd Rd Z,N,V,S 1 1 1 1∧

CLR Rd Clear Register Rd ← Rd Rd Z,N,V,S 1 1 1 1⊕

SER Rd Set Register Rd ← 0xFF None 1 1 1 1

MUL Rd,Rr Multiply Unsigned R1:R0 ← Rd x Rr (UU) Z,C 2 2 2 N/A

MULS Rd,Rr Multiply Signed R1:R0 ← Rd x Rr (SS) Z,C 2 2 2 N/A

MULSU Rd,Rr Multiply Signed with

Unsigned

R1:R0 ← Rd x Rr (SU) Z,C 2 2 2 N/A

FMUL Rd,Rr Fractional Multiply

Unsigned

R1:R0 ← Rd x Rr<<1 (UU) Z,C 2 2 2 N/A

FMULS Rd,Rr Fractional Multiply Signed R1:R0 ← Rd x Rr<<1 (SS) Z,C 2 2 2 N/A

FMULSU Rd,Rr Fractional Multiply Signed

with Unsigned

R1:R0 ← Rd x Rr<<1 (SU) Z,C 2 2 2 N/A

DES K Data Encryption if (H == 0), R15:R0

if (H == 1), R15:R0

←

Encrypt(R15:R0, K)

Decrypt(R15:R0, K)

N/A 1 / 2 N/A N/A

Table 5-3. Change of Flow Instructions

Mnemonic Operands Description Operation Flags #Clocks

AVRe

#Clocks

AVRxm

#Clocks

AVRxt

#Clocks

AVRrc

RJMP k Relative Jump PC ← PC + k + 1 None 2 2 2 2

IJMP Indirect Jump to (Z) PC(15:0)

PC(21:16)

←

None 2 2 2 2

EIJMP Extended Indirect Jump to (Z) PC(15:0)

PC(21:16)

←

EIND

None 2 2 2 N/A

JMP k Jump PC ← k None 3 3 3 N/A

RCALL k Relative Call Subroutine PC ← PC + k + 1 None 3 / 4

(1) 2 / 3 (1) 2 / 3 3

ICALL Indirect Call to (Z) PC(15:0)

PC(21:16)

←

None 3 / 4(1) 2 / 3 (1) 2 / 3 3

EICALL Extended Indirect Call to (Z) PC(15:0)

PC(21:16)

←

EIND

None 4(1) 3(1) 3 N/A

CALL k Call Subroutine PC ← k None 4 / 5

(1) 3/ 4 (1) 3 /4 N/A

RET Subroutine Return PC ← STACK None 4 / 5

(1) 4 / 5 (1) 4 / 5 6

RETI Interrupt Return PC ← STACK I 4 / 5

(1) 4 / 5 (1) 4 / 5 6

CPSE Rd,Rr Compare, skip if Equal if (Rd == Rr) PC ← PC + 2 or 3 None 1 / 2 / 3 1 / 2 / 3 1 / 2 / 3 1 / 2

CP Rd,Rr Compare Rd - Rr Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 1 1 1

CPC Rd,Rr Compare with Carry Rd - Rr - C Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 1 1 1

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Set Summary

...........continued

Mnemonic Operands Description Operation Flags #Clocks

AVRe

#Clocks

AVRxm

#Clocks

AVRxt

#Clocks

AVRrc

CPI Rd,K Compare with Immediate Rd - K Z,C,N,V,S,H 1 1 1 1

SBRC Rr, b Skip if Bit in Register Cleared if (Rr(b) == 0) PC ← PC + 2 or 3 None 1 / 2 / 3 1 / 2 / 3 1 / 2 / 3 1 / 2

SBRS Rr, b Skip if Bit in Register Set if (Rr(b) == 1) PC ← PC + 2 or 3 None 1 / 2 / 3 1 / 2 / 3 1 / 2 / 3 1 / 2

SBIC A, b Skip if Bit in I/O Register Cleared if (I/O(A,b) == 0) PC ← PC + 2 or 3 None 1 / 2 / 3 2 / 3 / 4 1 / 2 / 3 1 / 2

SBIS A, b Skip if Bit in I/O Register Set If (I/O(A,b) == 1) PC ← PC + 2 or 3 None 1 / 2 / 3 2 / 3 / 4 1 / 2 / 3 1 / 2

BRBS s, k Branch if Status Flag Set if (SREG(s) == 1) then

← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRBC s, k Branch if Status Flag Cleared if (SREG(s) == 0) then

← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BREQ k Branch if Equal if (Z == 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRNE k Branch if Not Equal if (Z == 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRCS k Branch if Carry Set if (C == 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRCC k Branch if Carry Cleared if (C == 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRSH k Branch if Same or Higher if (C == 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRLO k Branch if Lower if (C == 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRMI k Branch if Minus if (N == 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRPL k Branch if Plus if (N == 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRGE k Branch if Greater or Equal,

Signed

if (S == 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 /2

BRLT k Branch if Less Than, Signed if (S == 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRHS k Branch if Half Carry Flag Set if (H == 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 /2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRHC k Branch if Half Carry Flag Cleared if (H == 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRTS k Branch if T Bit Set if (T == 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRTC k Branch if T Bit Cleared if (T == 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRVS k Branch if Overflow Flag is Set if (V == 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRVC k Branch if Overflow Flag is

Cleared

if (V == 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRIE k Branch if Interrupt Enabled if (I == 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

BRID k Branch if Interrupt Disabled if (I == 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1 None 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2

Table 5-4. Data Transfer Instructions

Mnemonic Operands Description Operation Flags #Clocks

AVRe

#Clocks

AVRxm

#Clocks

AVRxt

#Clocks

AVRrc

MOV Rd, Rr Copy Register Rd ← Rr None 1 1 1 1

MOVW Rd, Rr Copy Register Pair R[d + 1]:Rd ← R[r + 1]:Rr None 1 1 1 N/A

LDI Rd, K Load Immediate Rd ← K None 1 1 1 1

LDS Rd, k Load Direct from Data Space Rd ← DS(k) None 2

(1) 3(1)(3) 3(2) 2

LD Rd, X Load Indirect Rd ← DS(X) None 2

(1) 2(1)(3) 2(2) 1 / 2

LD Rd, X+ Load Indirect and Post-Increment Rd

←

DS(X)

X + 1

None 2(1) 2(1)(3) 2(2) 2 / 3

LD Rd, -X Load Indirect and Pre-Decrement X

←

X - 1

DS(X)

None 2(1) 3(1)(3) 2(2) 2 / 3

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Set Summary

...........continued

Mnemonic Operands Description Operation Flags #Clocks

AVRe

#Clocks

AVRxm

#Clocks

AVRxt

#Clocks

AVRrc

LD Rd, Y Load Indirect Rd ← DS(Y) None 2

(1) 2(1)(3) 2(2) 1 / 2

LD Rd, Y+ Load Indirect and Post-Increment Rd

←

DS(Y)

Y + 1

None 2(1) 2(1)(3) 2(2) 2 / 3

LD Rd, -Y Load Indirect and Pre-Decrement Y

←

Y - 1

DS(Y)

None 2(1) 3(1)(3) 2(2) 2 / 3

LDD Rd, Y+q Load Indirect with Displacement Rd ← DS(Y + q) None 2

(1) 3(1)(3) 2(2) N/A

LD Rd, Z Load Indirect Rd ← DS(Z) None 2

(1) 2(1)(3) 2(2) 1 / 2

LD Rd, Z+ Load Indirect and Post-Increment Rd

←

DS(Z)

Z+1

None 2(1) 2(1)(3) 2(2) 2 / 3

LD Rd, -Z Load Indirect and Pre-Decrement Z

←

Z - 1

DS(Z)

None 2(1) 3(1)(3) 2(2) 2 / 3

LDD Rd, Z+q Load Indirect with Displacement Rd ← DS(Z + q) None 2

(1) 3(1)(3) 2(2) N/A

STS k, Rr Store Direct to Data Space DS(k) ← Rd None 2

(1) 2(1) 2(2) 1

ST X, Rr Store Indirect DS(X) ← Rr None 2

(1) 1(1) 1(2) 1

ST X+, Rr Store Indirect and Post-Increment DS(X)

←

X + 1

None 2(1) 1(1) 1(2) 1

ST -X, Rr Store Indirect and Pre-Decrement X

DS(X)

←

X - 1

None 2(1) 2(1) 1(2) 2

ST Y, Rr Store Indirect DS(Y) ← Rr None 2

(1) 1(1) 1(2) 1

ST Y+, Rr Store Indirect and Post-Increment DS(Y)

←

Y + 1

None 2(1) 1(1) 1(2) 1

ST -Y, Rr Store Indirect and Pre-Decrement Y

DS(Y)

←

Y - 1

None 2(1) 2(1) 1(2) 2

STD Y+q, Rr Store Indirect with Displacement DS(Y + q) ← Rr None 2

(1) 2(1) 1(2) N/A

ST Z, Rr Store Indirect DS(Z) ← Rr None 2

(1) 1(1) 1(2) 1

ST Z+, Rr Store Indirect and Post-Increment DS(Z)

←

Z + 1

None 2(1) 1(1) 1(2) 1

ST -Z, Rr Store Indirect and Pre-Decrement Z

DS(Z)

←

Z - 1

None 2(1) 2(1) 1(2) 2

STD Z+q,Rr Store Indirect with Displacement DS(Z + q) ← Rr None 2

(1) 2(1) 1(2) N/A

LPM Load Program Memory R0 ← PS(Z) None 3 3 3 N/A

LPM Rd, Z Load Program Memory Rd ← PS(Z) None 3 3 3 N/A

LPM Rd, Z+ Load Program Memory and Post-

Increment

←

PS(Z)

Z + 1

None 3 3 3 N/A

ELPM Extended Load Program Memory R0 ← PS(RAMPZ:Z) None 3 3 3 N/A

ELPM Rd, Z Extended Load Program Memory Rd ← PS(RAMPZ:Z) None 3 3 3 N/A

ELPM Rd, Z+ Extended Load Program Memory

and Post-Increment

(RAMPZ:Z)

←

PS(RAMPZ:Z)

(RAMPZ:Z) + 1

None 3 3 3 N/A

SPM Store Program Memory PS(RAMPZ:Z) ← R1:R0 None -(4) -(4) -(4) N/A

SPM Z+ Store Program Memory and Post-

Increment by 2

PS(RAMPZ:Z)

←

R1:R0

Z + 2

None N/A - (4) -(4) N/A

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Set Summary

...........continued

Mnemonic Operands Description Operation Flags #Clocks

AVRe

#Clocks

AVRxm

#Clocks

AVRxt

#Clocks

AVRrc

IN Rd, A In From I/O Location Rd ← I/O(A) None 1 1 1 1

OUT A, Rr Out To I/O Location I/O(A) ← Rr None 1 1 1 1

PUSH Rr Push Register on Stack STACK ← Rr None 2 1

(1) 1 1

POP Rd Pop Register from Stack Rd ← STACK None 2 2

(1) 2 3

XCH Z, Rd Exchange DS(Z) ↔ Rd None N/A 2 N/A N/A

LAS Z, Rd Load and Set DS(Z)

←

Rd v DS(Z)

DS(Z)

None N/A 2 N/A N/A

LAC Z, Rd Load and Clear DS(Z)

←

(0xFF – Rd) DS(Z)∧

DS(Z)

None N/A 2 N/A N/A

LAT Z, Rd Load and Toggle DS(Z)

←

Rd DS(Z)⊕

DS(Z)

None N/A 2 N/A N/A

Table 5-5. Bit and Bit-Test Instructions

Mnemonic Operands Description Operation Flags #Clocks

AVRe

#Clocks

AVRxm

#Clocks

AVRxt

#Clocks

AVRrc

LSL Rd Logical Shift Left C

Rd(n+1)

Rd(0)

←

Rd(7)

Rd(n), n=6...0

Z,C,N,V,H 1 1 1 1

LSR Rd Logical Shift Right C

Rd(n)

Rd(7)

←

Rd(0)

Rd(n+1), n=0...6

Z,C,N,V 1 1 1 1

ROL Rd Rotate Left Through Carry temp

Rd(n+1)

Rd(0)

←

Rd(7)

Rd(n), n=6...0

temp

Z,C,N,V,H 1 1 1 1

ROR Rd Rotate Right Through Carry temp

Rd(n)

Rd(7)

←

Rd(0)

Rd(n+1), n=0...6

temp

Z,C,N,V 1 1 1 1

ASR Rd Arithmetic Shift Right C

Rd(n)

Rd(7)

←

Rd(0)

Rd(n+1), n=0..6

Rd(7)

Z,C,N,V 1 1 1 1

SWAP Rd Swap Nibbles Rd(3..0) ↔ Rd(7..4) None 1 1 1 1

SBI A, b Set Bit in I/O Register I/O(A, b) ← 1 None 2 1 1 1

CBI A, b Clear Bit in I/O Register I/O(A, b) ← 0 None 2 1 1 1

BST Rr, b Bit Store from Register to T T ← Rr(b) T 1 1 1 1

BLD Rd, b Bit load from T to Register Rd(b) ← T None 1 1 1 1

BSET s Flag Set SREG(s) ← 1 SREG(s) 1 1 1 1

BCLR s Flag Clear SREG(s) ← 0 SREG(s) 1 1 1 1

SEC Set Carry C ← 1 C 1 1 1 1

CLC Clear Carry C ← 0 C 1 1 1 1

SEN Set Negative Flag N ← 1 N 1 1 1 1

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Set Summary

...........continued

Mnemonic Operands Description Operation Flags #Clocks

AVRe

#Clocks

AVRxm

#Clocks

AVRxt

#Clocks

AVRrc

CLN Clear Negative Flag N ← 0 N 1 1 1 1

SEZ Set Zero Flag Z ← 1 Z 1 1 1 1

CLZ Clear Zero Flag Z ← 0 Z 1 1 1 1

SEI Global Interrupt Enable I ← 1 I 1 1 1 1

CLI Global Interrupt Disable I ← 0 I 1 1 1 1

SES Set Sign Bit S ← 1 S 1 1 1 1

CLS Clear Sign Bit S ← 0 S 1 1 1 1

SEV Set Two’s Complement Overflow V ← 1 V 1 1 1 1

CLV Clear Two’s Complement

Overflow

V ← 0 V 1 1 1 1

SET Set T in SREG T ← 1 T 1 1 1 1

CLT Clear T in SREG T ← 0 T 1 1 1 1

SEH Set Half Carry Flag in SREG H ← 1 H 1 1 1 1

CLH Clear Half Carry Flag in SREG H ← 0 H 1 1 1 1

Table 5-6. MCU Control Instructions

Mnemonic Operands Description Operation Flags #Clocks

AVRe

#Clocks

AVRxm

#Clocks

AVRxt

#Clocks

AVRrc

BREAK Break See the debug interface description None 1 1 1 1

NOP No Operation None 1 1 1 1

SLEEP Sleep See the power management and sleep description None 1 1 1 1

WDR Watchdog Reset See the Watchdog Controller description None 1 1 1 1

Notes:

1. Cycle times for data memory access assume internal RAM access and are not valid for accessing external

RAM.

2. Cycle time for data memory access assumes internal RAM access, and are not valid for access to NVM.

A minimum of one extra cycle must be added when accessing NVM. The additional time varies dependent

on the NVM module implementation. See the NVMCTRL section in the specific devices data sheet for more

information.

3. If the LD instruction is accessing I/O Registers, one cycle can be deducted.

4. Varies with the programming time of the device.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Set Summary

Table 6-1. Cycles

Name Cycles

AVRe 1

AVRxm 1

AVRxt 1

AVRrc 1

6.2 ADD – Add without Carry

6.2.1 Description

Adds two registers without the C flag and places the result in the destination register Rd.

Operation:

(i) (i) Rd ← Rd + Rr

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) ADD Rd,Rr 0 ≤ d ≤ 31, 0 ≤ r ≤ 31 PC ← PC + 1

16-bit Opcode:

0000 11rd dddd rrrr

6.2.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – ⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔

H Rd3 Rr3 Rr3 R3 R3 Rd3∧ ∨ ∧ ∨ ∧

Set if there was a carry from bit 3; cleared otherwise.

S N V, for signed tests.⊕

V Rd7 Rr7 R7 Rd7 Rr7 R7∧ ∧ ∨ ∧ ∧

Set if two’s complement overflow resulted from the operation; cleared otherwise.

N R7

Set if MSB of the result is set; cleared otherwise.

Z R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0∧∧∧∧∧∧∧

Set if the result is ; cleared otherwise.0x00

C Rd7 Rr7 Rr7 R7 R7 Rd7∧ ∨ ∧ ∨ ∧

Set if there was a carry from the MSB of the result; cleared otherwise.

R (Result) equals Rd after the operation.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Example:

add r1,r2 ; Add r2 to r1 (r1=r1+r2)

add r28,r28 ; Add r28 to itself (r28=r28+r28)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-2. Cycles

Name Cycles

AVRe 1

AVRxm 1

AVRxt 1

AVRrc 1

6.3 ADIW – Add Immediate to Word

6.3.1 Description

Adds an immediate value (0-63) to a register pair and places the result in the register pair. This instruction operates

on the upper four register pairs and is well suited for operations on the Pointer Registers.

This instruction is not available on all devices. Refer to .Appendix A

Operation:

(i) R[d+1]:Rd ← R[d+1]:Rd + K

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) ADIW Rd,K d {24,26,28,30}, 0 ≤ K ≤ 63 PC ← PC + 1∈

16-bit Opcode:

1001 0110 KKdd KKKK

6.3.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

–––⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔

S N V, for signed tests.⊕

V Rdh7 R15∧

Set if two’s complement overflow resulted from the operation; cleared otherwise.

N R15

Set if MSB of the result is set; cleared otherwise.

Z R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧

Set if the result is ; cleared otherwise.0x0000

C R15 Rdh7∧

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Set if there was a carry from the MSB of the result; cleared otherwise.

R (Result) equals R[d+1]:Rd after the operation.

Example:

adiw r24,1 ; Add 1 to r25:r24

adiw ZL,63 ; Add 63 to the Z-pointer(r31:r30)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-3. Cycles

Name Cycles

AVRe 2

AVRxm 2

AVRxt 2

AVRrc N/A

6.4 AND – Logical AND

6.4.1 Description

Performs the logical AND between the contents of register Rd and register Rr, and places the result in the destination

Operation:

(i) Rd ← Rd Rr∧

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) AND Rd,Rr 0 ≤ d ≤ 31, 0 ≤ r ≤ 31 PC ← PC + 1

16-bit Opcode:

0010 00rd dddd rrrr

6.4.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – 0 –⇔ ⇔ ⇔

S N V, for signed tests.⊕

V 0

Cleared.

N R7

Set if MSB of the result is set; cleared otherwise.

Z R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0∧∧∧∧∧∧∧

Set if the result is ; cleared otherwise.0x00

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

R (Result) equals Rd after the operation.

Example:

and r2,r3 ; Bitwise and r2 and r3, result in r2

ldi r16,1 ; Set bitmask 0000 0001 in r16

and r2,r16 ; Isolate bit 0 in r2

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-4. Cycles

Name Cycles

AVRe 1

AVRxm 1

AVRxt 1

AVRrc 1

6.5 ANDI – Logical AND with Immediate

6.5.1 Description

Performs the logical AND between the contents of register Rd and a constant, and places the result in the destination

Operation:

(i) Rd ← Rd K∧

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) ANDI Rd,K 16 ≤ d ≤ 31, 0 ≤ K ≤ 255 PC ← PC + 1

16-bit Opcode:

0111 KKKK dddd KKKK

6.5.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – 0 –⇔ ⇔ ⇔

S N V, for signed tests.⊕

V 0

Cleared.

N R7

Set if MSB of the result is set; cleared otherwise.

Z R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0∧∧∧∧∧∧∧

Set if the result is ; cleared otherwise.0x00

R (Result) equals Rd after the operation.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Example:

andi r17,0x0F ; Clear upper nibble of r17

andi r18,0x10 ; Isolate bit 4 in r18

andi r19,0xAA ; Clear odd bits of r19

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-5. Cycles

Name Cycles

AVRe 1

AVRxm 1

AVRxt 1

AVRrc 1

6.6 ASR – Arithmetic Shift Right

6.6.1 Description

Shifts all bits in Rd one place to the right. Bit 7 is held constant. Bit 0 is loaded into the C flag of the SREG. This

operation effectively divides a signed value by two without changing its sign. The Carry flag can be used to round the

result.

Operation:

(i)

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) ASR Rd 0 ≤ d ≤ 31 PC ← PC + 1

16-bit Opcode:

1001 010d dddd 0101

6.6.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

–––⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔

S N V, for signed tests.⊕

V N C, for N and C after the shift.⊕

N R7. Set if MSB of the result is set; cleared otherwise.

Z R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0∧∧∧∧∧∧∧

Set if the result is ; cleared otherwise.0x00

C Rd0

Set if, before the shift, the LSB of Rd was set; cleared otherwise.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

R (Result) equals Rd after the operation.

Example:

ldi r16,0x10 ; Load decimal 16 into r16

asr r16 ; r16=r16 / 2

ldi r17,0xFC ; Load -4 in r17

asr r17 ; r17=r17/2

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-6. Cycles

Name Cycles

AVRe 1

AVRxm 1

AVRxt 1

AVRrc 1

6.7 BCLR – Bit Clear in SREG

6.7.1 Description

Clears a single flag in SREG.

Operation:

(i) SREG(s) ← 0

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BCLR s 0 ≤ s ≤ 7 PC ← PC + 1

16-bit Opcode:

1001 0100 1sss 1000

6.7.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔

I If (s == 7) then I ← 0, else unchanged.

T If (s == 6) then T ← 0, else unchanged.

H If (s == 5) then H ← 0, else unchanged.

S If (s == 4) then S ← 0, else unchanged.

V If (s == 3) then V ← 0, else unchanged.

N If (s == 2) then N ← 0, else unchanged.

Z If (s == 1) then Z ← 0, else unchanged.

C If (s == 0) then C ← 0, else unchanged.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Example:

bclr 0 ; Clear Carry flag

bclr 7 ; Disable interrupts

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-7. Cycles

Name Cycles

AVRe 1

AVRxm 1

AVRxt 1

AVRrc 1

6.8 BLD – Bit Load from the T Bit in SREG to a Bit in Register

6.8.1 Description

Copies the T bit in the SREG (Status Register) to bit b in register Rd.

Operation:

(i) Rd(b) ← T

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BLD Rd,b 0 ≤ d ≤ 31, 0 ≤ b ≤ 7 PC ← PC + 1

16 bit Opcode:

1111 100d dddd 0bbb

6.8.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

; Copy bit

bst r1,2 ; Store bit 2 of r1 in T bit

bld r0,4 ; Load T bit into bit 4 of r0

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-8. Cycles

Name Cycles

AVRe 1

AVRxm 1

AVRxt 1

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

...........continued

Name Cycles

AVRrc 1

6.9 BRBC – Branch if Bit in SREG is Cleared

6.9.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests a single bit in SREG and branches relatively to the PC if the bit is cleared. This

instruction branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset

from the PC and is represented in two’s complement form.

Operation:

(i) If SREG(s) == 0 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRBC s,k 0 ≤ s ≤ 7, -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 01kk kkkk ksss

6.9.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

cpi r20,5 ; Compare r20 to the value 5

brbc 1,noteq ; Branch if Zero flag cleared

...

noteq: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-9. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

6.10 BRBS – Branch if Bit in SREG is Set

6.10.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests a single bit in SREG and branches relatively to the PC if the bit is set. This

instruction branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset

from the PC and is represented in two’s complement form.

Operation:

(i) If SREG(s) == 1 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRBS s,k 0 ≤ s ≤ 7, -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 00kk kkkk ksss

6.10.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

bst r0,3 ; Load T bit with bit 3 of r0

brbs 6,bitset ; Branch T bit was set

...

bitset: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-10. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

6.11 BRCC – Branch if Carry Cleared

6.11.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Carry (C) flag and branches relatively to the PC if C is cleared. This instruction

branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset from the

PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBC 0,k.)

Operation:

(i) If C == 0 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRCC k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 01kk kkkk k000

6.11.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

add r22,r23 ; Add r23 to r22

brcc nocarry ; Branch if carry cleared

...

nocarry: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-11. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

6.12 BRCS – Branch if Carry Set

6.12.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Carry (C) flag and branches relatively to the PC if C is set. This instruction

branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset from the

PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBS 0,k.)

Operation:

(i) If C == 1 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRCS k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 00kk kkkk k000

6.12.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

cpi r26,0x56 ; Compare r26 with 0x56

brcs carry ; Branch if carry set

...

carry: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-12. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

6.13 BREAK – Break

6.13.1 Description

The BREAK instruction is used by the On-chip Debug system and not used by the application software. When the

BREAK instruction is executed, the AVR CPU is set in the Stopped state. This gives the On-chip Debugger access to

internal resources.

If the device is locked, or the on-chip debug system is not enabled, the CPU will treat the BREAK instruction as a

NOP and will not enter the Stopped state.

This instruction is not available on all devices. Refer to .Appendix A

Operation:

(i) On-chip Debug system breakpoint instruction.

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BREAK None PC ← PC + 1

16-bit Opcode:

1001 0101 1001 1000

6.13.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-13. Cycles

Name Cycles

AVRe 1

AVRxm 1

AVRxt 1

AVRrc 1

6.14 BREQ – Branch if Equal

6.14.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Zero (Z) flag and branches relatively to the PC if Z is set. If the instruction is

executed immediately after any of the instructions CP, CPI, SUB, or SUBI, the branch will occur only if the unsigned

or signed binary number represented in Rd was equal to the unsigned or signed binary number represented in Rr.

This instruction branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the

offset from the PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBS 1,k.)

Operation:

(i) If Rd == Rr (Z == 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

(i) BRGE k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 01kk kkkk k100

6.15.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

cp r11,r12 ; Compare registers r11 and r12

brge greateq ; Branch if r11 ≥ r12 (signed)

...

greateq: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-15. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

6.16 BRHC – Branch if Half Carry Flag is Cleared

6.16.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Half Carry (H) flag and branches relatively to the PC if H is cleared. This

instruction branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset

from the PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBC 5,k.)

Operation:

(i) If H == 0 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRHC k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

16-bit Opcode:

1111 01kk kkkk k101

6.16.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

brhc hclear ; Branch if Half Carry flag cleared

...

hclear: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-16. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

6.17 BRHS – Branch if Half Carry Flag is Set

6.17.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Half Carry (H) flag and branches relatively to the PC if H is set. This instruction

branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset from the

PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBS 5,k.)

Operation:

(i) If H == 1 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRHS k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 00kk kkkk k101

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

6.17.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

brhs hset ; Branch if Half Carry flag set

...

hset: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-17. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

6.18 BRID – Branch if Global Interrupt is Disabled

6.18.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Global Interrupt Enable (I) bit and branches relatively to the PC if I is cleared.

This instruction branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the

offset from the PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBC 7,k.)

Operation:

(i) If I == 0 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRID k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 01kk kkkk k111

6.18.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Example:

brid intdis ; Branch if interrupt disabled

...

intdis: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-18. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

6.19 BRIE – Branch if Global Interrupt is Enabled

6.19.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Global Interrupt Enable (I) bit and branches relatively to the PC if I is set. This

instruction branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset

from the PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBS 7,k.)

Operation:

(i) If I == 1 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRIE k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 00kk kkkk k111

6.19.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

brie inten ; Branch if interrupt enabled

...

inten: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Table 6-20. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

6.21 BRLT – Branch if Less Than (Signed)

6.21.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Sign (S) flag and branches relatively to the PC if S is set. If the instruction

is executed immediately after any of the instructions CP, CPI, SUB, or SUBI, the branch will occur only if the

signed binary number represented in Rd was less than the signed binary number represented in Rr. This instruction

branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset from the

PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBS 4,k.)

Operation:

(i) If Rd < Rr (S == 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRLT k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 00kk kkkk k100

6.21.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

cp r16,r1 ; Compare r16 to r1

brlt less ; Branch if r16 < r1 (signed)

...

less: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Table 6-21. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

6.22 BRMI – Branch if Minus

6.22.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Negative (N) flag and branches relatively to the PC if N is set. This instruction

branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset from the

PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBS 2,k.)

Operation:

(i) If N == 1 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRMI k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 00kk kkkk k010

6.22.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

subi r18,4 ; Subtract 4 from r18

brmi negative ; Branch if result negative

...

negative: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Table 6-22. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

6.23 BRNE – Branch if Not Equal

6.23.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Zero (Z) flag and branches relatively to the PC if Z is cleared. If the instruction

is executed immediately after any of the instructions CP, CPI, SUB, or SUBI, the branch will occur only if the

unsigned or signed binary number represented in Rd was not equal to the unsigned or signed binary number

represented in Rr. This instruction branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64).

Parameter k is the offset from the PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBC

1,k.)

Operation:

(i) If Rd ≠ Rr (Z == 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRNE k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 01kk kkkk k001

6.23.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

eor r27,r27 ; Clear r27

loop: inc r27 ; Increase r27

...

cpi r27,5 ; Compare r27 to 5

brne loop ; Branch if r27<>5

nop ; Loop exit (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Table 6-24. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

6.25 BRSH – Branch if Same or Higher (Unsigned)

6.25.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Carry (C) flag and branches relatively to the PC if C is cleared. If the instruction

is executed immediately after execution of any of the instructions CP, CPI, SUB, or SUBI, the branch will occur only if

the unsigned binary number represented in Rd was greater than or equal to the unsigned binary number represented

in Rr. This instruction branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k

is the offset from the PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBC 0,k.)

Operation:

(i) If Rd ≥Rr (C == 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRSH k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 01kk kkkk k000

6.25.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

subi r19,4 ; Subtract 4 from r19

brsh highsm ; Branch if r19 >= 4 (unsigned)

...

highsm: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Table 6-25. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

6.26 BRTC – Branch if the T Bit is Cleared

6.26.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the T bit and branches relatively to the PC if T is cleared. This instruction branches

relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset from the PC and is

represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBC 6,k.)

Operation:

(i) If T == 0 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRTC k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 01kk kkkk k110

6.26.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

bst r3,5 ; Store bit 5 of r3 in T bit

brtc tclear ; Branch if this bit was cleared

...

tclear: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Table 6-26. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

6.27 BRTS – Branch if the T Bit is Set

6.27.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the T bit and branches relatively to the PC if T is set. This instruction branches

relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset from the PC and is

represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBS 6,k.)

Operation:

(i) If T == 1 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRTS k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 00kk kkkk k110

6.27.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

bst r3,5 ; Store bit 5 of r3 in T bit

brts tset ; Branch if this bit was set

...

tset: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Table 6-27. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

6.28 BRVC – Branch if Overflow Cleared

6.28.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Overflow (V) flag and branches relatively to the PC if V is cleared. This

instruction branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset

from the PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBC 3,k.)

Operation:

(i) If V == 0 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRVC k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 01kk kkkk k011

6.28.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

add r3,r4 ; Add r4 to r3

brvc noover ; Branch if no overflow

...

noover: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Table 6-28. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

6.29 BRVS – Branch if Overflow Set

6.29.1 Description

Conditional relative branch. Tests the Overflow (V) flag and branches relatively to the PC if V is set. This instruction

branches relatively to the PC in either direction (PC - 63 ≤ destination ≤ PC + 64). Parameter k is the offset from the

PC and is represented in two’s complement form. (Equivalent to instruction BRBS 3,k.)

Operation:

(i) If V == 1 then PC ← PC + k + 1, else PC ← PC + 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BRVS k -64 ≤ k ≤ +63 PC ← PC + k + 1

PC ← PC + 1, if the condition is

false

16-bit Opcode:

1111 00kk kkkk k011

6.29.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

add r3,r4 ; Add r4 to r3

brvs overfl ; Branch if overflow

...

overfl: nop ; Branch destination (do nothing)

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-29. Cycles

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRe 1 2

AVRxm 1 2

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

...........continued

Name Cycles

i ii

AVRxt 1 2

AVRrc 1 2

i) If the condition is false.

ii) If the condition is true.

6.30 BSET – Bit Set in SREG

6.30.1 Description

Sets a single flag or bit in SREG.

Operation:

(i) SREG(s) ← 1

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BSET s 0 ≤ s ≤ 7 PC ← PC + 1

16-bit Opcode:

1001 0100 0sss 1000

6.30.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔⇔

I If (s == 7) then I ← 1, else unchanged.

T If (s == 6) then T ← 1, else unchanged.

H If (s == 5) then H ← 1, else unchanged.

S If (s == 4) then S ← 1, else unchanged.

V If (s == 3) then V ← 1, else unchanged.

N If (s == 2) then N ← 1, else unchanged.

Z If (s == 1) then Z ← 1, else unchanged.

C If (s == 0) then C ← 1, else unchanged.

Example:

bset 6 ; Set T bit

bset 7 ; Enable interrupt

Words 1 (2 bytes)

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

Table 6-30. Cycles

Name Cycles

AVRe 1

AVRxm 1

AVRxt 1

AVRrc 1

6.31 BST – Bit Store from Bit in Register to T Bit in SREG

6.31.1 Description

Stores bit b from Rd to the T bit in SREG (Status Register).

Operation:

(i) T ← Rd(b)

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) BST Rd,b 0 ≤ d ≤ 31, 0 ≤ b ≤ 7 PC ← PC + 1

16-bit Opcode:

1111 101d dddd 0bbb

6.31.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – –⇔

T ‘ ’ if bit b in Rd is cleared. Set to ‘ ’ otherwise.0 1

Example:

; Copy bit

bst r1,2 ; Store bit 2 of r1 in T bit

bld r0,4 ; Load T into bit 4 of r0

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-31. Cycles

Name Cycles

AVRe 1

AVRxm 1

AVRxt 1

AVRrc 1

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

6.32 CALL – Long Call to a Subroutine

6.32.1 Description

Calls to a subroutine within the entire program memory. The return address (to the instruction after the CALL) will be

stored on the Stack. (See also RCALL.) The Stack Pointer uses a post-decrement scheme during CALL.

This instruction is not available on all devices. Refer to .Appendix A

Operation:

(i) PC ← k Devices with 16-bit PC, 128 KB program memory maximum.

(ii) PC ← k Devices with 22-bit PC, 8 MB program memory maximum.

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter: Stack:

(i) CALL k 0 ≤ k < 64K PC ← k STACK ← PC+2

SP ← SP-2, (2 bytes, 16

bits)

(ii) CALL k 0 ≤ k < 4M PC ← k STACK ← PC+2

SP ← SP-3 (3 bytes, 22

bits)

32-bit Opcode:

1001 010k kkkk 111k

kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk

6.32.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

mov r16,r0 ; Copy r0 to r16

call check ; Call subroutine

nop ; Continue (do nothing)

...

check:

cpi r16,0x42 ; Check if r16 has a special value

breq error ; Branch if equal

ret ; Return from subroutine

...

error:

rjmp error ; Infinite loop

Words 2 (4 bytes)

Table 6-32. Cycles

Name Cycles

16-bit PC 22-bit PC

AVRe 4(1) 5(1)

AVRxm 3(1) 4(1)

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

...........continued

Name Cycles

16-bit PC 22-bit PC

AVRxt 3 4

AVRrc N/A N/A

Note:

1. Cycle times for data memory access assume internal RAM access and are not valid for accessing external

RAM.

6.33 CBI – Clear Bit in I/O Register

6.33.1 Description

Clears a specified bit in an I/O Register. This instruction operates on the lower 32 I/O Registers – addresses 0-31.

Operation:

(i) I/O(A,b) ← 0

Syntax: Operands: Program Counter:

(i) CBI A,b 0 ≤ A ≤ 31, 0 ≤ b ≤ 7 PC ← PC + 1

16-bit Opcode:

1001 1000 AAAA Abbb

6.33.2 Status Register (SREG) and Boolean Formula

I T H S V N Z C

– – – – – – – –

Example:

cbi 0x12,7 ; Clear bit 7 at address 0x12

Words 1 (2 bytes)

Table 6-33. Cycles

Name Cycles

AVRe 2

AVRxm 1

AVRxt 1

AVRrc 1

AVR® Instruction Set Manual

Instruction Description

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Modell:	AVR128DB48

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